Employing and training the underprivileged means changing employment stand ards. Conflicts arise in communicating the new policies, This article discusses
some of the conflicts and the means of their resolution.
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References
1.
Joseph E.Champagne, Attitudes and Motivation of Underprivileged Workers (unpublished doctoral dissertation, Purdue University , 1966).
2.
Peter B.Doeringer, Programs to Employ the Disadvantaged , Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1969.
3.
James B.Hodgson and Marshall H. Brenner , "Successful Experience: Training Hard Core Unemployed,"Harvard Business Review, September-October, 1968, pp. 148-156.
4.
See also Allen R. Janger, "New Start for the Harder Hard Core,"Conference Board Record, VI, 2 (February, 1969), 10-19.
5.
Harold I Mathis, "The Disadvantaged and the Aptitude Barrier,"Personnel and Guidance Journal, 47:5 (January, 1969), 467-72.
6.
Albert S. King, Managerial Relations with Disadvantaged Work Groups: Supervisory Expectations of the Underprivileged Worker (unpublished doctoral dissertation, Texas Tech University, 1970).
7.
For the classical analysis of this point see Robert K. Merton, "The Unanticipated Consequences of Purposive Social Action,"American Sociological Review, Vol 1, 1936, pp. 894-904.
8.
Harold Mayfield, "Should Employment Standards Be Relaxed?"Personnel, 41:5 (September-October, 1964), 8-17.
9.
Allen R. Janger, Programs to Employ the Disadvantaged , New York, National Industrial Conference Board, 1969;
10.
and Peter B. Doeringer and Michael J. Piore , "Labor Market Adjustment and Internal Training,"Proceedings of the 18th Annual Meeting of the Industrial Relations Research Association, December, 1965.
11.
Frank Riessman, "New Careers: A Workable Approach to Hard-Core Unemployment,"Personnel, September-October, 1968, pp, 36-41.
12.
Ulrick Haynes, "Equal Job Opportunity: The Credibility Cap,"Harvard Business Review, 46:3 (1968), 148-56.
13.
Harold I. Mathis, The Environmental Participation Index Manual, U.S. Department of Labor, Psychometric Studies, 1967.
14.
Ruth Alice Hudson and Hjalmar Rosen, "On the Definition of Attitudes: Norms, Perceptions, and Evaluations,"Public Opinion Quarterly, 17:1 (Spring, 1953), 143.
15.
For the sociological complexities of this point, see Lucian Karpik, "Three Sociological Concepts: The Reference Objective, Social Status and the Balance of Transaction,"Human Relations , 20:2 (1967 ), 131-54.
16.
Albert S. King, Op. Cit.
17.
R.M. Guion, Personnel Testing, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1965.
18.
H.H. Hyman. et al., Interviewing in Social Research, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1954.
19.
H.J. Eysenck.Sense and Nonsense in Psychology , Baltimore, Penguin Books, 1957.
20.
Robert Rosenthal, Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research, New York, Appleton Century Crofts, 1966.
21.
Two broad categories concerned with the impact and content of messages can be sharply contrasted on this matter. Compare, for example, H.J. Leavitt, "Some Effects of Certain Communication Patterns on Croup Performance,"Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 1951, P. 46,
22.
and W.V. Merrihue, Managing by Communication, New York, McCraw-Hill, 1960.
23.
"The man who expects too much from his associates is more easily disappointed in them than one who expects little." Peter Blau, Exchange and Power in Social Life, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1969, P. 143.
