Bates, T. (1993). Banking on Black enterprise: The potential of emerging firms for revitalizing urban economies. Washington, DC: Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies.
2.
Bates, T. (1997). Race, self-employment and upward mobility: An illusive dream. Washington, DC: The Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
3.
Breton, R. (1964). Institutional completeness of ethnic communities and the personal relations of immigrants. American Journal of Sociology, 70, 193-205.
4.
Butler, J. S. (1991). Entrepreneurship and self-help among Black Americans: A reconsideration of race and economics. Albany: State University of New York Press.
5.
Drake, St. C., & Cayton, H. R. (1993). Black metropolis: A study of Negro life in a northern city. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
6.
DuBois, W. E. B. (1968). Atlanta University publications (Vol. 1). New York: Octagon Books.
Foley, E. P. (1966). The Negro businessman: In search of a tradition. Daedalus, 95, 107-144.
9.
Frazier, E. F. (1962). Black bourgeoisie: The rise of a new middle class in the United States. New York: Collier.
10.
Freeman, L. (1986, May 12). Big marketers move in on ethnic haircare. Advertising Age, 57(19), 24-24.
11.
Furman, P. (1997, March 2). Ethnic haircare marketers battle for shares. Advertising Age, 68(9), 52-52.
12.
Harris, A. L. (1969). The Negro as capitalist: A study of banking and business among American Negroes. New York: Negro University Press.
13.
Kunjufu, J. (1991). Black economics: Solutions for economic and community empowerment. Chicago: African American Images.
14.
Light, I., Har-Chvi, H., & Kan, K. (1994). Black/Korean conflict in Los Angeles. In S. Dunn (Ed.), Managing divided cities (pp. 72-87). London: Kent University Press.
15.
Marable, M. (1983). How capitalism underdeveloped Black America. Boston: South End.
16.
Myrdal, G. (1962). An American dilemma: The Negro problem and modern democracy.New York: Harper and Row.
17.
Pierce, J. (1971). Negro business and business education: Their present and prospective development. Westport, CT: Negro University Press.
18.
Portes, A., & Bach, L. (1985). Latin journey: Cuban and Mexican immigrants in the United States. Berkeley: University of California Press.
19.
Portes, A., & Manning, R. D. (1986). The immigrant enclave: Theory and empirical examples. In S. Olzak & J. Nagel (Eds.), Competitive ethnic relations (pp. 47-68). New York: Academic Press.
20.
Silverman, R. M. (1998). The effects of racism and racial discrimination on minority business development: The case of Black manufacturers in Chicago's ethnic beauty aids industry. Journal of Social History, 31, 571-597.
21.
Stuart, M. S. (1969). An economic detour: A history of insurance in the lives of American Negroes. College Park, MA: McGrath Publishing.
22.
Wang, P., & Malone, M. (1986, October 13). Targeting Black dollars, White-owned companies muscle minority firms out of the hair-care market. Newsweek, 108(15), 54-54.
23.
Washington, B. T. (1971). The Negro in business. New York: AMS Press.
24.
Wilson, W. J. (1996). When work disappears: The world of the new urban poor. New York: Knopf.
25.
Wong, C. C. (1977). Black and Chinese grocery stores in Los Angeles'Black ghetto. Urban Life, 5(4), 439-464.
26.
Zhou, M. (1992). Chinatown: The socioeconomic potential of an urban enclave. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
