Differences in the Background and Criminal Justice Characteristics of Young Black,White,and Hispanic Male Federal Prison Inmates

Besnard, P. (1983). The sociological domain: The Durkheimians and the founding of sociology. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Blalock, H. (1967). Toward a theory of minority group relations. New York: Capricorn.

Blumstein, A. (1982). On the racial disproportionality of United States' prison populations. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , 73, 1259-1281.

Bosarge, B. (1994, February 7). Teen drug use increasing. Crime Control Digest, p. 3.

Chambliss, W.J. (1964). A sociological analysis of the law of vagrancy . Social Problems, 12, 67-77.

Christianson, S. (1981). Our Black prisons. Crime and Delinquency , 27, 364-375.

Davis, D.B. (1980). The crime of reform [Review of the book Conscience and convenience: The asylum and its alternatives in progressive America]. New York Review of Books, 27, 14.

Duster, T. (1987). Crime, youth unemployment, and the Black urban underclass. Crime and Delinquency, 33, 300-316.

Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP). (1994). Key indicators/strategic support system [CD-ROM]. Washington, DC: Office of Research and Evaluation (Producer and Distributor).

Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) & Bureau of the Census. (1991). The survey of inmates of federal correctional facilities study [Survey Data File]. Washington, DC: Federal Bureau of Prisons, Office of Reseach and Evaluation (Producer and Distributor).

French, W. (1977). An assessment of the Black female prisoner in the South. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 3, 483-488.

Garofalo, J. (1979, March). Social structure and rates of imprisonment: A research note. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, Cincinnati, OH.

Goetting, A. , & Howsen, R. (1983). Blacks in prison. Criminal Justice Review, 8, 21-31.

Holmes, M.D. , & Daudistel, H.C. (1984). Ethnicity and justice in the Southwest: The sentencing of Anglo, Black, and Mexican origin defendants . Social Science Quarterly, 64, 265-277.

Huizinga, D. , & Elliot, D.S. (1987). Juvenile offenders: Prevalence, offender incidence, and arrest rates by race. Crime and Delinquency, 33, 206-223.

Jacobs, D. , & Britt, D. (1979). Inequality and police use of deadly force: An empirical assessment of a conflict hypothesis. Social Problems , 26, 403-412.

Joe, T. ( 1987). Economic inequality: The picture in black and white. Crime and Delinquency, 33, 287-299.

Langan, P. (1985). Racism on trial: New evidence to explain the racial composition of prisons in the United States. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 76, 666-683.

McDonald, D. , & Carlson, K. (1993). Sentencing in the Federal Courts: Does race matter? The transition to sentencing guidelines, 1986-1990. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

McIntyre, C.C.L. (1993). Criminalizing a race: Free Blacks during slavery . New York: Kayode.

Meddis, S.V. (1993, July 23-25). Is the drug war racist? USA Today, pp. 1A-2A.

Nagel, W.G. (1977). On behalf of a moratorium on prison construction . Crime and Delinquency, 23, 154-172.

Oldroyd, R.J. , & Howell, R.J. (1977). Personality, intellectual, and behavioral differences between Black, Chicano, and White prison inmates in the Utah state prison . Psychology Reports, 41, 187-191.

Petersilia, J. , & Turner, S. (1988, June). Minorities in prison, discrimination or disparity? Corrections Today, pp. 92-94.

Quinney, R. (1980). Class, state & crime (2nd ed.). New York: Longman.

Schwarzer, W.W. (1992). Sentencing guidelines and mandatory minimums: Mixing apples and oranges. Southern California Law Review , 66, 405-411.

Simons, R.L. , & Gray, P. (1989). Perceived blocked opportunity as an explanation of delinquency among lower-class Black males: A research note. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 26, 90-101.

Wallace, J.M. , & Bachman, J.G. (1991). Explaining racial/ethnic differences in adolescent drug use: The impact of background and lifestyle. Social Problems , 38, 333-354.

Welch, S. , Gruhl, J. , & Spohn, C. (1984). Dismissal, conviction, and incarceration of Hispanic defendants: A comparison with Anglos and Blacks. Social Science Quarterly, 65, 257-264.

Welsing, F.C. (1991). The Isis papers, the keys to the colors. Chicago: Third World Press.

White, R.B. (1980). Prediction of adjustment to prisons in a federal correctional population. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 1031-1034.

Wilson, W.J. (1987). The truly disadvantaged: The inner city, the underclass, and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.