Allsop, R. (1977). Afncan influence on language in the Caribbean. In M. M. Fraginals (Ed.), Africa in Latin America: Essays on history, culture, and socialization (pp. 83-102). New York: Holmes & Meir.
2.
Asante, M. K. (1988). Afrocentricity . Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
3.
Asante, M. K. (1990). Kemet, Afrocentricity, and knowledge. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
4.
Asante, M. K. (1992). African American studies: The future of the discipline. Black Scholar , 22(3), 20-29.
5.
Asante, M. K. (1995). African American history: A joumey of liberation. Maywood, NJ: Peoples Publishing Group.
6.
Brathwaite, E. K. (1977). The African presence in Caribbean literature. In M. M. Fraginals (Ed.), Africa in Latin America: Essays on history, culture, and socialization (pp. 103-144). New York: Holmes & Meir.
7.
Cesaire, A. (1995). What is Negritude to me. In C. Moore, T. R. Sanders, & S. Moore (Eds.), African presence in the Americas (pp. 13-20). Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
8.
Chanady, A. (Ed.). (1994). Latin American identity and constructions of difference. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press.
9.
Clarke, J. H. (1995). African cultural response to slavery and oppression in the Americas and the Caribbean . In C. Moore, T. R. Sanders, & S. Moore (Eds.), African presence in the Americas (pp. 73-96). Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
10.
Coleman, B. (1973, Spring). Black themes in the literature of the Caribbean. The Rican , p. 49.
11.
de Pastre, R. (1973). Problems for identity for the Black man in the Caribbean literature. Caribbean Quarterly, 119(3), 51-61.
12.
do Nascimento, A. (1979). Mixture or massacre? Essays on the genocide of Black people. New York: Afrodiaspora Press.
13.
dos Santos, J. E., & dos Santos, D. M. (1977). Religion and Black culture. In M. M. Fraginals (Ed.), Africa in Latin America (pp. 61-82). New York: Holmes & Meir.
14.
Fanon, F. (1963). The wretched of the earth. New York: Grove.
15.
Hanke, L. R., & Hanke, J. M. (Eds.). (1993). Peoples and issues in Latin American history. New York: Markus Weiner.
16.
Irrizary, J. (1995, November ). African presence in Puerto Rico. Transcript of lecture, Temple University.
17.
Jackson, R. L. (1976). The Black image in Latin American literature. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
18.
Jackson, R. L. (1979). Black writers in Latin America. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
19.
Karenga, M. (1993). Introduction to Black studies. Los Angeles: University of Sankore Press.
20.
Keto, C. T. (1994). The Africa centered perspective of history. London, England: Research Associate School of Time Publications.
21.
Keto, C. T. (1995). Vision, identity, and time: The Afrocentric paradigm and the study of the past. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt .
22.
Marable, M. (1992). Blueprint for Black studies and multiculturalism. Black Scholar, 22(3), 30-35.
23.
Mboukou, A. (1982). Black societies in the New World. Journal of Ethnic Studies, 9(4), 117-124.
24.
McComie, V. T. (1995). The continuing crisis of identity in the Americas. In C. Moore, T. R. Sanders, & S. Moore (Eds.), African presence in the Americas (pp. 383-391). Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
25.
Urfe, O. (1977). Music and dance in Cuba. In M. M. Fraginals (Ed.), Africa in Latin America : Essays on history, culture, and socialization (pp. 170-188). New York: Holmes & Meir.
26.
Wagenheim, K. O. (1973). The Puerto Ricans: A documentary history. New York: Praeger.
27.
Welsh-Asante, K. (1993). The aesthetic conceptualization of Nzuri. In K. Welsh-Asante (Ed.), The African aesthetic: Keeper of the traditions (pp. 1-20). New York: Praeger .
