Akbar, N. (1984). Afrocentric social science for human liberation. Journal of Black Studies , 14, 395-411.
2.
Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-570.
3.
Asante, M. K. (1980). Afrocentricity . Buffalo, NY: Amulefi.
4.
Brown, G. F., & Silverman, L. R. (1973). The retail price of heroin: Estimation and application. Washington, DC: Drug Abuse Council.
5.
Czechowicz, D. (1988). Adolescent alcohol and drug abuse and its consequences: An overview. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 14, 189-197.
6.
Durkheim, E. (1951). Suicide: A study in sociology. New York: Free Press.
7.
Gibbs, J. T. (1984). Black adolescents and youth: An endangered species. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 54, 6-20.
8.
Gibbs, J. T. (1988). Young, Black, and male in America. Dover: Auburn .
9.
Henderson, D. C., & Anderson, S. C. (1989). Adolescents and chemical dependency. Social Work in Health Care, 14, 87-105.
10.
Henry, P. B. (1989). Practical approaches in treating adolescent chemical dependency: A guide to clinical assessment and intervention. New York: Haworth.
11.
Inciardi, J. (1986). The war on drugs: Heroin, cocaine, crime, and public policy. Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield.
12.
Kasarda, J. E., & Williams, T. (1989, Summer). Drugs and the dream deferred . NPQ, pp. 16-21.
13.
Krivanek, J. (1988). Heroin: Myths and reality. Boston: Allen & Unwin.
14.
Madhubuti, H. (1990). Black men obsolete, single, dangerous?: TheAfricanAmericanfamily in transition. Chicago: Third World Press.
15.
Mayer, J. (1989, September 6). Street dealers: In the war on drugs, toughest foe may be the alienated youth . The Wall Street Journal, pp. A1-A10.
16.
McDonald, D. 1. (1989). Drugs, drinking and adolescents. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers.
17.
Milby, J. (1981). Addictive behavior and its treatment. New York: Springer .
18.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (1988). National household survey on drug abuse: 1988. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
19.
Novick, D., Senie, R. T. , Kreek, M. J., & Yancovits, S. R. (1987). Clinical and demographic features of patients admitted to a new chemical dependency program in New York City. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 20, 271-278.
20.
Peck, D. (1979). Fatalistic suicide . Palo Alto, CA: R & E Research Associates.
21.
Shame in alcoholism: Social stigmatization or private guilt. ( 1988). Substance Abuse Report, 14(2), 2.
22.
Stickland, W. (1989, November). The future of Black men. Essence, pp. 51-116.
23.
Tucker, R. (1978). The Marx-Engels reader (2nd ed.). New York: W. W. Norton.
24.
Wilder, M. (1986). The silent epidemic. New York: Vintage.