Adams, W.Y. (1985). Doubts about the "lost pharaohs."Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 85, 185-193.
2.
Bard, K. (1974). A quantitative analysis of the predynastic burials in Armant Cemetery 1400-1500. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology , 58, 39-56.
3.
Bernal, M. (1991). Black Athena, the Afroasiatic roots of classical civilization: Vol. 2. The archaeological and documentary evidence. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press .
4.
Breasted, J.H. (1906). Ancient records of Egypt: Historical documents from the earliest times to the Persian conquest (Vol. 1). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
5.
Butzer, K.W. (1976). Early hydraulic civilization in Egypt: A study in cultural ecology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
6.
Chandler, W. (1989). Of gods and men: Egypt's Old Kingdom. In I. Van Sertima (Ed.), Egypt revisited (2nd ed.). New Brunswick, NJ : Transaction Books.
7.
Clark, R.M., & Renfrew, S. (1973). Tree-ring calibration of radiocarbon data and the chronology of ancient Egypt. Nature, 243, 266-270.
8.
Diop, C.A. (1974). The African origin of civilization: Myth or reality ? Chicago: Lawrence Hill.
9.
Hassan, F.A. (1980). Radio-carbon chronology of archaic Egypt. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 3, 206.
10.
Hassan, F.A. (1985). Radio-carbon chronology of neolithic and predynastic sites in Upper Egypt and the Delta. African Archaeological Review, 3, 103-113.
11.
Hoffmann, M. (1988). Prelude to civilization: The predynastic period in Egypt. In K. L. Willoughby & E. Stanton (Eds.), The first Egyptians. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
12.
Hoffman, M. (1991). Egypt before the pharaohs: The prehistoric foundations of Egyptian civilization (rev. ed. Austin: University of Texas Press.
13.
Mellaart, J. (1979). Egyptian and Near Eastern chronology: A dilemma ? Antiquity, 53, 6-19.
14.
Podzorski, P. (1988). Predynastic Egyptian seals of known provenience in the R. H. Lowe Museum of Anthropology. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 47, 259-268.
15.
Rashidi, R. (in collaboration with J. Brunson). (1989). A working chronology of the royal Kemetic dynasties. In I. Van Sertima (Ed.), Egypt revisited (2nd ed.). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
16.
Renfrew, C. (1977). Ancient Europe is older than we thought. National Geographic, 5, 615-623.
17.
Trigger, B.G. (1983). The rise of Egyptian civilization. In B. G. Trigger, B. J. Kemp , D. O'Connor, A. B. Lloyd, Ancient Egypt: A social history. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
18.
Wallbank, T.W., et al. (1992). Civilization past and present (7th ed.). New York: Harper/ Collins.
19.
Williams, B. (1980). The lost pharaohs of Nubia. Archaeology , 33, 12-21.
20.
Williams, B. (1987). Forebears of Menes in Nubia: Myth or reality? Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 46, 15-27.
21.
Williams, B., & Logan. T.J. (1987). The Metropolitan Museum knife handle and aspects of pharaonic imagery before Narmer. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 46, 245-286.