Ashby, E. (1966). Universities, Indian, British, African. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
2.
Batten, T. R. (1964). Tropical Africa in world history: Modern history after 1800. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
3.
Cornia, G. A., & Helleiner, G. K. (1994). From adjustment to development in Africa.New York: St. Martin's.
4.
Ecowas Defence Commission. (1991, February 11-17). West Africa, no. 3832, 197-197.
5.
Fage, J. D. (1969). A history of West Africa. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
6.
Garrard, T. F. (1989). Gold of Africa. Munich, Germany: Prestel-Verlag.
7.
Hopkins, A. G. (1973). An economic history of West Africa. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
8.
Knuttila, M. (1987). State theories. Toronto, Canada: Garamond Press.
9.
Lovejoy, P. (1987). Transformations in slavery. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
10.
Maxwell, J. F. (1975). Slavery and the Catholic church. London: Barry Rose Publishers.
11.
Rodney, W. (1982). How Europe underdeveloped Africa. Washington, DC: Howard University Press.
12.
Self Determination Committee. (1998). The Expatriation Act of 1868 and how Blacks can get out from under U.S. taxes [Online]. Available: http:www.directblackaction.com/epat.txt
13.
Shinnie, M. (1965). Ancient African kingdoms. London: Arnold.
14.
Van Sertima, I. (Ed.). (1998). Blacks in Science: Ancient and Modern. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
