Ayers, E. L. (1984). Vengeance and justice: Crime and punishment in the 19th-century American South. New York: Oxford University Press.
2.
Baldasty, G. J. (1992). The commercialization of news in the nineteenth century. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
3.
Beasley, M. (1982). The muckrakers and lynching: A case study in racism. Journalism History, 9, 86-91.
4.
Berry, V. T., & Manning-Miller, C. L. (Eds.). (1996). Mediated messages and African-American culture. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
5.
Brundage, W. F. (1991). “To howl loudly”: John Mitchell, Jr. and his campaign against lynching in Virginia. Canadian Review of American Studies, 22, 325-341.
6.
Brundage, W. F. (1993). Lynching in the New South: Georgia and Virginia, 1880-1930. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
7.
Cialdini, R. B. (1993). Influence (3rd ed.). New York: HarperCollins.
8.
Clark, T. D. (1964). The Southern country editor. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith.
9.
Cutler, J. E. (1905). Lynch-law: An investigation into the history of lynching in the United States. White Plains, NY: Longman.
10.
Daniel, W. C., & Huber, P. J. (1990). The voice of the Negro and the Atlanta riot of 1906: A problem in freedom of the press. Journalism History, 17, 23-28.
11.
Dates, J. L., & Barlow, W. (Eds.). (1990). Split image: African Americans in the mass media. Washington, DC: Howard University Press.
12.
Dicken-Garcia, H. (1989). Journalistic standards in nineteenth-century America. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
13.
Dowd Hall, J. (1979). Revolt against chivalry: Jessie Daniel Ames and the women's campaign against lynching. New York: Columbia University Press.
14.
Editorial. (1893, September 30). The New York Times,p.4-4.
15.
Emery, M., & Emery, E. (1996). The press and America: An interpretive history of the mass media (8th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
16.
Fredrickson, G. M. (1987). The Black image in the White mind: The debate on Afro-American character and destiny, 1817-1914. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press.
17.
Gandy, O. H., Jr. (1996). If it weren't for bad luck: Framing stories of racially comparative risk. In V. T. Berry & C. L. Manning-Miller (Eds.), Mediated messages and African-American culture: Contemporary issues (pp. 55-75). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
18.
Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1994). Growing up with television: The cultivation perspective. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 17-41). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
19.
Ginzburg, R. (1962). 100 years of lynchings. New York: Lancer Books.
20.
Hallin, D. C. (1986). The “uncensored war”: The media and Vietnam. New York: Oxford University Press.
21.
Howard, W. T. (1995). Lynchings: Extralegal violence in Florida during the 1930s. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses.
22.
Hudson-Weems, C. (1994). Emmett Till: The sacrificial lamb of the civil rights movement. Troy, MI: Bedford.
23.
Hutton, F. (1995). Democratic idealism in the Black press. In F. Hutton & B. Straus Reed (Eds.), Outsiders in 19th-century press history: Multicultural perspectives (pp. 5-20). Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press.
24.
Iyengar, S., & Kinder, D. R. (1987). News that matters. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
25.
Logan, R. W. (1965). The betrayal of the Negro: From Rutherford B. Hayes to Woodrow Wilson. New York: Macmillan.
26.
Martindale, C. (1986). The White press and Black America. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
27.
Mindich, D.T.Z. (1996, August). A“slanderous and nasty-minded mulattress,” Ida B. Wells, confronts “objectivity” in the 1890s. Paper presented at the annual convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Anaheim, CA.
28.
Murphey, D. D. (1995). Lynching: History and analysis. Washington, DC: Council for Social and Economic Studies.
29.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. (1969). Thirty years of lynching in the United States: 1889-1918. New York: Arno Press and The New York Times.
30.
Nerone, J. (1994). Violence against the press: Policing the public sphere in U.S. history.New York: Oxford University Press.
31.
Osthaus, C. R. (1994). Partisans of the Southern press: Editorial spokesmen of the nineteenth century. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
32.
Raper, A. F. (1933). The tragedy of lynching. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
33.
Roese, N. J., & Olson, J. M. (Eds.). (1995). What might have been: The social psychology of counterfactual thinking. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
34.
Rogers, E. M., & Dearing, J. (1988). Agenda-setting research: Where has it been, where is it going? In J. Anderson (Ed.), Communication yearbook (Vol. 11, pp. 555-594). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
35.
Shapiro, H. (1988). White violence and Black response: From Reconstruction to Montgomery. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
36.
Shoemaker, P. J., & Reese, S. D. (1996). Mediating the message: Theories of influences on mass media content (2nd ed.). White Plains, NY: Longman.
37.
Sloan, W. D. (1994). The media and public opinion: The press and party politics, 1789-1816. In J. D. Startt & W. D. Sloan (Eds.), The significance of the media in American history(pp. 78-105). Northport, AL: Vision Press.
38.
Suggs, H. L. (Ed.). (1983). The Black press in the South, 1865-1979. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
39.
Tolnay, S. E., & Beck, E. M. (1995). A festival of violence: An analysis of Southern lynchings, 1882-1930. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
40.
Waldrep, C. (1998, January). Roots of lynching in Warren County, Mississippi, 1860-1880. Paper presented at the annual convention of the American Historical Association, Seattle, WA.
41.
Wells-Barnett, I. (1969). On lynchings. New York: Arno Press and The New York Times.
42.
Williamson, J. (1984). The crucible of race: Black-White relations in the American South since Emancipation. New York: Oxford University Press.
43.
Williamson, J. (1997). Wounds not scars: Lynching, the national conscience, and the American historian. Journal of American History, 83, 1221-1253.
44.
Wright, G. C. (1990). Racial violence in Kentucky, 1865-1940: Lynchings, mob rule, and “legal lynchings.”Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
45.
Zangrando, R. L. (1980). The NAACP crusade against lynching, 1909-1950. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.