Locating the African political scene within the new global paradigm of the war on terrorism, we inquire into the impact of the events of 9/11 on the international relations of African states within emerging new transnational forces, centering on American foreign policy toward Africa and on possible scenarios of African responses. We explore pressures and opportunities emerging and contemplate practical reactions by a new generation of African leaders. Africans have a stake in resisting terrorism and playing a role in a winning coalition. Their interests in development, security, open societies, and decent governance are enhanced by cooperation in the war on terrorism that also include elements of the African diaspora and the North American Africanist community.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Adebajo, Adekeye . 2003. “Africa and America in an Age of Terror.” Paper presented at the Tenth Annual University of Pennsylvania African Studies Consortium Workshop on War and Peace in Contemporary Africa, January 31, 2003.
2.
Africa Action . 2003a. “US Military Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2001-2003.”Africa Policy E-Journal, March 7. Retrieved March 7, 2003 (http://www.africaaction.org).
3.
Africa Action . 2003b. “Africa: Hope and Disappointment.”Africa Policy E-Journal, May 30. Retrieved May 30, 2003 (http://www.africaaction.org).
4.
Africa Action . 2003c. “Africa Policy for a New Era: Ending Segregation in U.S. Foreign Relations.”African Action, January 23, pp. 3-6 . Retrieved January 23, 2003 (http://www.africaaction.org).
5.
Bacevich, Andrew J. and Elizabeth H. Prodromou . 2003. “God Is Not Neutral: Religion and U.S. Foreign Policy after 9/11.” Presented at the Religion and Foreign Policy Seminar, Foreign Policy Research Institute, May 20, Philadelphia, PA.
6.
Back, Irit . 2002. “Osama Bin Laden’s African Progress,”Tel Aviv Notes, No. 58, December 16, 2002, Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies. Available at (www.tau.ac.il./jcss/ww.dayan.org/).
7.
BBC Worldwide Monitoring . 2002. “African Conference on Terrorism Calls for Action, International Co-operation.”BBC Middle East Monitoring Algerian TV, September 14, 2002, Lexis-Nexis Network .
8.
Benjamin, Daniel and Steven Simon . 2002. The Age of Sacred Terror. New York: Random House .
9.
Bratton, Michael and Nicolas van de Walle . 1997. Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transformation in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
10.
Burns, Robert . 2002. “Rumsfeld Pledges Long-term Partnership with Africa in Fighting Terrorism.”Associated Press Worldstream, December 10, 2002, Lexis-Nexis Network .
11.
Carter, Tom . 2002. “Tiny Desert Nation Bids to Host Troops.”Washington Times, December 12, A17 .
12.
Clapham, Christopher . 1996. Africa and the International System. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
13.
Clough, Michael . 1992. Free at Last? U.S. Policy Toward Africa and the End of the Cold War. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press .
14.
Cowell, Alan . 2003. “US Base in Djibouti.”New York Times, May 21, A19 .
15.
Diagne, Ted . 2002. “Africa and the War on Terrorism.”CRS Report for Congress, January 17. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, Code RL31247. Washington, DC.
16.
Deutsche Press Agency . 2002. “Bin Laden Involved in Attempt to Assassinate Mubarak in Ethiopia in 1995,” May 20, 2002, Lexis-Nexis Network .
17.
Dinmore, Guy . 2003. “Powell in Damascus: Sever Links with Militants US Orders Syria.”Financial Times (London), May 4, p. 7 .
18.
Economist Intelligence Unit . 2003. Annual Country Reviews 2002, Gambia; Rwanda;Equatorial Guinea; Swaziland; Congo-Brazzaville; Liberia; Cote d’Ivoire; Sierra Leone; and Democratic Republic of Congo. London: EIU .
19.
Farah, Douglas . 2003. “Al Qaeda’s Diamonds.”Washington Post Weekly, January 6-12, pp. 16-17 .
20.
Glickman, Harvey , ed. 1988. The Crisis and Challenge of African Development. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press .
Gordon, Michael R. and Eric Schmitt . 2003. “US Will Move Air Operations to Qatar Base.”New York Times, April 28, A1 .
23.
Hendren, John . 2003. “Americans Could Face a Swamp in Philippines.”Los Angeles Times, February 22, I, 1 .
24.
International Crisis Group . 2003. Conflict and Security: Liberia-the Eye of the Regional Storm. Washington, DC: ICG .
25.
Jackson, Robert and Carl Rosberg . 1982. Personal Rule in Black Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press .
26.
Libya Review, Africa Review World of Information. 2002. “Quest Economic Data Base, Mathews Information Service.” September 26, 2002. Waldron Publishing Co.
27.
Meek, James Gordon . 2003. “Iran is Called an Al Qaeda Haven.”New York Daily News, May 4, p. 24 .
28.
Metz, Helen Chapin , ed. 1989. Libya, A Country Study. 4th ed.Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office .
29.
Reprinted in Charleston, W. VA, Daily Mail, p. 3A .
30.
Morrison, J. Stephen . 2001. “Africa and the War on Global Terrorism.”Hearings of the Africa Sub-Committee of the Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives, November 15. Retrieved November 15, 2001 (http://www.csis/ora/hill/te011115morrison.htm).
31.
National Public Radio . 2002. “East Africa as a Breeding Ground for Terrorism.”Talk of the Nation, interview by Neal Conan of Daniel Benjamin, Stephen Ndegwa, and Davan Maharaj, December 4, 2002, Lexis-Nexis Network .
32.
Nyang, Sulayman . 2001. “Africa and the War on Global Terrorism.”Hearings of the Africa Sub-Committee of the Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives, November 15. Retrieved November 15, 2001, (http://www.house.gov/internationalrelations./nyan1115.htm).
33.
Ottaway, Marina . 1999. Africa’s New Leaders, Democracy or State Reconstruction?Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace .
34.
PIPA/Knowledge Networks . 2003. “New Poll Shows American Public Supports Stronger Engagement with Africa.” December 19, 2002 - January 1, 2003. Retrieved January 29, 2003 (http://www.pipa.org).
35.
Schmitt, Eric . 2003. “Threats and Responses: Preparations.”New York Times, January 30, A9 .
36.
Schraeder, Peter . 1994. United States Foreign Policy Toward Africa: Incrementalism, Crisis and Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
37.
Servant, Jean-Christophe . 2003. “Africa: External Interest and Internal Insecurity.”Le Monde Diplomatique, January 15. Communication of January 15, 2003 (dispatch@monde-diplomatique.fr).
38.
The Economist . 2002. “A Look on the Brighter Side; Africa’s Economies.”The Economist, July 20, p. 21 .
39.
Wax, Emily . 2002. “US Beachhead On Horn of Africa.”Washington Post, December 5, A28 .
40.
ydafrica.com.2002. “War against Terrorism comes to Africa,” December 27. Retrieved December 27, 2002 (http://www.ydafrica.com).
41.
Weiser, Benjamin . 2001. “The Terror Verdict: the Overview.”New York Times, May 30, A1 .
