This article reconceptualizes the change process from a rational planning perspective to an interpretive perspective emphasizing the social construction of meaning. Discourse is viewed as the core of the change process through which our basic assumptions about organizing are created, sustained, and transformed. To illustrate the dynamics of meaning systems, examples are provided of organizations shifting from mechanistic assumptions to become more adaptive, responsive, quality-oriented organizations. Implications for researchers and managers are included.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Axley, S.
(1984). Managerial and organizational communication in terms of the conduit metaphor. Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 428-437.
2.
Bartunek, J.
& Moch, M. (1987). First-order, second-order, and third-order change and organization development interventions: A cognitive approach. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 23, 483-500.
3.
Beckhard, R.
, & Harris, R. (1977). Organizational transitions: Managing complex change. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
4.
Berger, P.
, & Luckmann, T. (1966). Social construction of reality. New York: Doubleday.
5.
Derrida, J.
(1978). Writings and difference (A. Bass, Trans.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
6.
Fish, S.
(1989). Doing what comes naturally. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
7.
Foucault, M.
(1971). Orders of discourse. Social Science Information, 10(2), 7-30.
8.
Foucault, M.
(1977). The eye of power. In C. Gordo (Ed. and Trans.), Power/Knowledge. New York: Pantheon.
9.
Foucault, M.
(1979). Discipline and punishment. New York: Vintage.
10.
Gadamer, H. G.
(1979). The problem of historical consciousness. In R. Rabinow & W. Sullivan (Eds.), Interpretive social science (pp. 103-162). Berkeley: University of California Press.
11.
Gergen, K.
(1991). The saturated selfNew York: Basic Books.
12.
Gioia, D.
, & Chittipeddi, K. (1991). Sensemaking and sensegiving in strategic change initiation. Strategic Management Journal, 12, 433-448.
13.
Golembewski, R. T.
(1995, Winter). Social constructionism and such like. Academy of Management ODC Newsletter, pp. 5-8.
14.
Gramsci, A.
(1971). Selections from the prison notebooks (Q. Hoare & G. Nowell Smith, Trans.). New York: International Publishers.
15.
Gray, B.
, Bougon, M. G., & Donnellon, A. (1985). Organizations as construction and destruction of meaning. Journal of Management, 11(2), 77-92.
16.
Guba, E.
, & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 105-117). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
17.
Habermas, J.
(1975). Legitimation crisis (T. McCarthy, Trans.). Boston: Beacon.
18.
Heidegger, M.
(1971). On the way to language (P. D. Hertz, Trans.). San Francisco: Harper Collins.
19.
Lewin, K.
(1947). Frontiers in group dynamics: Concept, method, and reality in social science. Human Relations, 1, 5-41.
20.
Louis, M.
(1983). Organizations as culture-bearing milieux. In L. R. Pondy, P. J. Frost, G. Morgan, & T. C. Dandridge (Eds.), Organizational symbolism (pp. 39-54). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
21.
Martin, J.
(1992). Cultures in organizations: Three perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
22.
Morgan, G.
(1986). Images of organization. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
23.
Mumby, D.
(1988). Communication and power in organizations: Discourse, ideology and domination. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
24.
NAVCOMTELCOM Instruction 5200.2. (1991, July 1). Philadelphia: Naval Publications & Forms Directorate.
25.
Pettigrew, A.
(1979). On studying organisational cultures. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4), 570-581.
26.
Pettigrew, A.
(1985). The awakening giant: Continuity and change in ICI. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
27.
Poole, P.
, Gioia, D., & Gray, B. (1989). Influence modes, schema change, and organizational transformation. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 25, 271-289.
28.
Porras, J.
, & Silvers, R. (1991). Organization development and transformation. Annual Review of Psychology, 42, 51-78.
29.
Rabinow, R.
, & Sullivan, W. (1979). Interpretive social science. Berkeley: University of California Press.
30.
Reddy, M.
(1979). The conduit metaphor. In A. Ortony (Ed.), Metaphor and thought (pp. 284-324). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
31.
Rorty, R.
(1979). Philosophy and the mirror of nature. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
32.
Schall, M. S.
(1983). A communication-rules approach to organizational culture. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, 557-581.
33.
Smircich, L.
(1983). Organizations as shared meanings. In L. R. Pondy, P. J. Frost, G. Morgan, & T. C. Dandridge (Eds.), Organizational symbolism (pp. 55-65). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
34.
Solomon, J.
, & McGinn, D. (1994, October 3). Scratches in the Teflon. Newsweek, pp. 50-52.
35.
Tichy, N.
(1983). Managing strategic change: Technical, political and cultural dynamics. New York: Wiley.
36.
Tichy, N.
, & Sherman, S. (1993). Control your own destiny or someone else will. New York: Doubleday.
37.
Wittgenstein, L.
(1968). Philosophical investigations (3rd ed.). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
38.
Youngblood, D. (1992). Implementing total quality leadership in a naval computer and telecommunications activity. Unpublished master's thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA.