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Abstract

A biographical action research approach was used to understand managers' behavior and foster their development. While taking part in a team study of executives' life histories, the author developed a theoretical framework of managerial style and personality. This approach was used to determine the underlying forces within each subject's character shaped by that person `s life history and environment and reinforced by organizational values and norms. The key principles of the biographical method are the following: gather multiple perspectives, use multiple methods, and combine research and service. Applications of the framework and principles in studying and consulting to executives are described, with details of the case study of one subject highlighted. The dilemmas of biographical action research involve resulting emotional repercussions, reporting data accurately without compromising subjects' anonymity, and balancing service to clients with the scientific pursuit of knowledge. The benefits include deeper understanding of the manager's style, behavior, character, and development and how the manager's environment shapes character.

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Using Biographical Methods to Understand Managerial Style and Character

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