Astronomical Evidence for the Accuracy of Clocks in Pre-Jesuit China

Stephenson F. R. and Morrison L. V. , “Long-term fluctuations in the Earth's rotation: 700 b.c. to a.d. 1990”, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society, A, cccli (1995), 165–202.

Dubs H. H. , The history of the former Han dynasty, iii (Baltimore, 1955).

Maspero H. , “Les instruments astronomiques des Chinois”, Mélanges chinois et bouddhiques, vi (1939), 183–370.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Needham J. , Science and civilisation in China, iii (Cambridge, 1959), 315–17.

Ibid., 321–2.

Maspero , op. cit.

Needham , op. cit., 327.

Forte A. , Mingtang and Buddhist utopias in the history of the astronomical clock (Rome, 1988).

Needham J. Ling Wang and de Solla Price D. J. , Heavenly clockwork (Cambridge, 1960).

Needham J. , Science and civilisation in China, iv/2 (Cambridge, 1965), 494–8.

Ibid., 508.

Stephenson F. R. and Yau K. K. C. , “Astronomical records in the Ch'un-ch'iu chronicle”, Journal for the history of astronomy, xxiii (1992), 31–51.

Stephenson F. R. , Historical eclipses and Earth's rotation (Cambridge, 1997).

Stephenson and Morrison , op. cit. (ref. 1).

Newcomb S. , “Tables of the Sun”, Astronomical papers of the American Ephemeris, vi (1895), Part 1.

Transactions of the International Astronomical Union, xiiiB (1968), 48.

Morrison L. V. and Ward C. G. , “An analysis of the transits of Mercury”, Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, clxxiii (1975), 183–206; Dickey J. O. , “Lunar laser ranging: A continuing legacy of the Apollo program”, Science, cclxv (1994), 482–90.

Maspero , op. cit. (ref. 3).

Steele J. M. Stephenson F. R. and Morrison L. V. , “The accuracy of eclipse times measured by the Babylonians”, Journal for the history of astronomy, xxviii (1997), 337–45.

Stephenson F. R. and Fatoohi L. J. , “Accuracy of solar eclipse observations made by Jesuit astronomers in China”, Journal for the history of astronomy, xxvi (1995), 227–36; Fatoohi L. J. and Stephenson F. R. , “Accuracy of lunar eclipse observations made by Jesuit astronomers in China”, Journal for the history of astronomy, xxvii (1996), 61–67.