The Cosmology of the Ancient Balts

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The Lithuanian letter ž is pronounced as zh or (as in “usual”), the letter š as sh or ∫ (as in word “shine”), the letter č as ch or t∫ (as in “chair”), the letter ė as e in a stressed syllable (as in “bed” but with longer e).

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Rybakov , op. cit. (ref. 6), 409–17.

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Rivius , “Cronica” (ref. 53).

Žulkus V. and Klimka L. , The sea-coast area of Lithuania in the Middle Ages (in Lithuanian) (Vilnius, 1989), 73–83.

Ibid., 83.

Klimka L. , “On the meaning of the astronomical boulders” (in Lithuanian), in Lietuvos dangus (Sky of Lithuania (Vilnius, 1995), 80–87.

Jovaiša E. , “World outlook of the Balts deduced from the burial monuments of central Lithuania in I-IV centuries a.d.” (in Russian), in History and archaeology of the western Balts (Klaipėda, 1989), 92–107.

Note added in proof: While this paper was in press, several important books have appeared related to the same subject. All are in Lithuanian and published in Vilnius.

Gimbutienė M. , The Old Europe (1996).

Girininkas A. , Prehistory of Lithuania (1997).

Usačiovaitė E. (ed). The symbols of the heaven and the earth (1995).

Vėlius N. (ed.), Lithuanian mythology (2 vols, 1995–97).

Vėlius N. (ed.), Sources of Baltic religion and mythology, i (1996).