The North Mull Project (2): The Wider Astronomical Potential of the Sites

Ruggles C. L. N. Martlew R. D. , “The North Mull project (1): Excavations at Glengorm 1987–88”, Archaeoastronomy (supplement to Journal for the history of astronomy), no. 14 (1989), S137–49, p. S141.

Thom A. , Megalithic lunar observatories (Oxford, 1971) and many subsequent papers. For a full list see Thom A. S. , “The career and publications of Alexander Thom”, in Ruggles C. L. N. (ed.), Records in stone—papers in memory of Alexander Thom (Cambridge, 1988), 21–30.

Thom A. Thom A. S. , “Astronomical foresights used by Megalithic Man”, Archaeoastronomy (supplement to Journal for the history of astronomy), no. 2 (1980), S90–94.

For a summary see Ruggles C. L. N. , “Megalithic astronomy: The last five years”, Vistas in astronomy, xxvii (1984), 231–89, pp. 241–55.

Ruggles C. L. N. Burl H. A. W. , “A new study of the Aberdeenshire Recumbent Stone Circles, 2: Interpretation”, Archaeoastronomy (supplement to Journal for the history of astronomy), no. 8 (1985), S25–60, pp. S45–50.

Ruggles Martlew , op. cit. (ref. 20), pp. S147–8.

Ruggles C. L. N. , “A new study of the Aberdeenshire Recumbent Stone Cirlces, 1: Site data”, Archaeoastronomy (supplement to Journal for the history of astronomy), no. 6 (1984), S55–79, p. S63 and Figure 1.

Ibid., p. S76 and Figure 4.

Ruggles C. L. N. (with contributions by Appleton P. N. Burch S. F. Cooke J. A. Few R. W. Morgan J. G. Norris R. P. ), Megalithic astronomy: A new archaeological and statistical study of 300 western Scottish sites (B.A.R. 123; Oxford, 1984).

Ruggles , op. cit. (ref. 26), p. S76.

Ibid., Figure 4.

Ruggles C. L. N. , “A critical examination of the megalithic lunar observatories”, in Ruggles C. L. N. Whittle A.W.R. (eds), Astronomy and society in Britain during the period 4000–1500 BC (B.A.R. 88; Oxford, 1981), 153–209, p. 180–2.

For further discussion of these points see Heggie D. C. , Megalithic science (London, 1981), chap. 7.

Ruggles C. L. N. , “The stone alignments of Argyll and Mull: A perspective on the statistical approach in archaeoastronomy”, in Ruggles (ed.), Records in stone, 232–50.

Barnatt J. Pierpoint S. , “Stone circles: Observatories or ceremonial centres”, Scottish archaeological review, ii (1983), 101–15.

Hale D. , Glengorm pollen report, forthcoming. See also Ruggles Martlew , op. cit. (ref. 20), p. S147.

Ruggles , op. cit. (ref. 26), S63.

Fraser D. , Land and society in Neolithic Orkney (B.A.R. 117; Oxford, 1983).

This was done for the Scottish RSCs. See Ruggles , op. cit. (ref. 26), Figure 1.

Jermy A. , “General description and topography”, in Jermy A. Crabbe J. (eds), The island of Mull: A survey of its flora and environment (London, 1978), 3.1–3.11, p. 3. 4.

While the summits of some of these nearby hillocks have rather thin soil cover, the excavation of Stone B at Glengorm ( Ruggles Martlew , op. cit. (ref. 20)) shows it to have been set only shallowly in the soil and mainly supported by packing stones, so thin soil was evidently not a deterrent.

Ruggles C. L. N. , “Megalithic astronomical sightlines: Current reassessment and future directions”, in Heggie D. C. (ed.), Archaeoastronomy in the Old World (Cambridge, 1982), 83–105, p. 96.

Ruggles Martlew , op. cit. (ref. 20), p. S147.

Ruggles , op. cit. (ref. 33), Table 9.1.

Ibid..

Ruggles , op. cit. (ref. 28); Ruggles C. L. N. , “The linear settings of Argyll and Mull”, Archaeoastronomy(supplement to Journal for the history of astronomy), no. 9 (1985), S105–32; Ruggles, op. cit. (ref. 33).

A fuller account is given in Hinge P. D. , “The distribution of visibility from stone alignments: A case study from north Mull and mid-Argyll, western Scotland” (M.Sc. Thesis, University of Leicester, 1991).

Ibid., chap. 7.

Fraser D. , “The chambered cairns of Eday, Orkney”, in Ruggles (ed.), Records in stone, 325–36, pp. 331–4.

Hinge , op. cit. (ref. 46), chap. 7, Table A. It should be noted that the horizon scan data for the stone rows used in these tests were not those quoted in this paper but magnetic compass measurements obtained independently by PH.

See ref. 45.

Ruggles , op. cit. (ref. 26), Figure 1.

Burl H. A. W. , “Science or symbolism: Problems of archaeo-astronomy”, Antiquity, liv (1980), 191–200, especially Figure 1.

Ruggles , op. cit. (ref. 26), Figures 2 and 3; the effect is most clearly visible in Ruggles and Burl, op. cit. (ref. 24), Figures 10(c) and 11(c).

Ruggles Burl , op. cit. (ref. 24), p. S57.

Ruggles , op. cit. (ref. 28), chap. 8 and Table 2.1. See also Ruggles , op. cit. (ref. 33), 238–41; and Burl H. A. W. , “A preliminary gazeteer of the stone rows of Britain, Ireland and western Europe”, in Thom A. Thom A. S. Burl H. A. W. , Stone rows and standing stones (B.A.R. S560; Oxford, 1990), 374–541.

Hinge , op. cit. (ref. 46), chap. 7, Table B.

Ibid., Table C.

Ruggles , op. cit. (ref. 33), Table 9.1.

Hinge , op. cit. (ref. 46), chap. 7, Table D.