Through Rugged Ways to the Galaxies

Hoskin M. A. , “The ‘great debate’: What really happened” in Stellar astronomy: Historical studies (Chalfont St Giles, 1982), 175–88.

G. R. Agassiz to Lowell A. L. , quoted in Owen Gingerich, “How Shapley came to Harvard or, Snatching the prize from the jaws of debate”, Journal for the history of astronomy , xix (1988), 201–7.

Note the remarks at the end of Owen Gingerich , “The mysterious nebulae, 1610–1924”, Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada , lxxxi (1987), 113–27.

G. R. Agassiz to Shapley H. , 24 January 1922. Unless otherwise noted, all correspondence is found in the Harvard University Archives, UAV 630.22.

Shapley to C. D. Perrine, 18 October 1923.

E. P. Hubble to Shapley, 5 July 1922.

Lundmark K. , “The spiral nebula Messier 33”, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific , xxxiii (1921), 324–7.

Shapley to Lundmark K. , 1921; Lundmark to Shapley, 2 January 1922.

Shapley to Lundmark, 10 January 1922.

J. H. Reynolds to Shapley, 6 November 1923.

Hubble to Shapley, 19 February 1924.

Shapley to Hubble, 27 February 1924.

Shapley to Hubble, 5 September 1924.

Shapley to Lundmark, 12 January 1930.

Shapley H. Adelaide Ames , “A study of a cluster of bright spiral nebulae”, Harvard College Observatory circular no. 294 (1926).

Shapley H. , “The super-galaxy hypothesis”, Harvard College Observatory circular no. 350 (1930).

Shapley memo to J. C. Duncan, 29 January 1930. Duncan modified and used the material in the second edition revised of his textbook Astronomy (New York, 1930), 418.

Eddington A. S. , The rotation of the Galaxy (Oxford, 1930), 19–20.

Helen Sawyer Hogg, oral history interview with Owen Gingerich, 18 August 1987: “He put his faith so strongly in the blue stars in NGC 7006, which is still one of the most distant globulars in the Galaxy. And how could there be blue stars if there was absorption of light? And this had been his tenet for a decade. When Trumpler came out with his very convincing paper, in a way it was the end of an era for Shapley.”.

Shapley H. , Star clusters (New York, 1930), 121.

Ibid. , 124.

Shapley to H. N. Russell, 20 January 1927.

Shapley to W. Rose, 23 May 1925.

Rose to Shapley, 30 June 1925.

Shapley to Rose, 16 October 1926.

Shapley H. , Sidereal explorations [Rice University pamphlet , xviii, no. 2 (April 1931) = Harvard reprint no. 68], 111.

Shapley Ames , op. cit. (ref. 15).

Shapley H. Adelaide Ames , “The Coma-Virgo galaxies”, Harvard College Observatory bulletin no. 865 (1929), 11.

Shapley , Sidereal explorations , 114.

Hubble to Shapley, 16 July 1932.

Shapley to Hubble, 29 July 1932.

Hubble to Shapley, 8 August 1932.

Shapley H. , “On the distribution of galaxies”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , xix (1933), 389–93.

Shapley H. , “A study of 7900 galaxies”, ibid. , xxi (1935), 587–92; idem, “A survey of thirty-six thousand southern galaxies”, ibid. , xxiii (1937), 449–53.

Shapley H. , “A metagalactic density gradient”, ibid. , xxiv (1938), 282 7, pp. 282–3.

Hubble E. P. , “Red shifts and the distribution of nebulae”, Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , xcvii (1937), 506–13, pp. 509 and 513.

Shapley to H. P. Robertson, 12 January 1937.

Robertson to Shapley, 14 January 1937.

Shapley H. , “A metagalactic density gradient”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , xxiv (1938), 282–7, p. 284. The emphasis is Shapley's.

Shapley H. , “Magellanic Clouds VI, Revised distances and luminosities”, ibid. , xxxix (1953), 349–62.

Walter Baade , Evolution of stars and galaxies (ed. by Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin ) (Cambridge, Mass., 1963).

Shapley H. , The inner metagalaxy (New Haven, 1957), 126.

Jones Bessie Z. , “To the rescue of the learned: The asylum fellowship plan at Harvard, 1938–1940”, Harvard Library bulletin , xxxii (1984). 205–56.

David DeVorkin , “The Harvard summer school in astronomy”, Physics today , xxxvii, no. 7 (July 1984), 48–55.

Shapley devoted chapter 10 of his Through rugged ways to the stars to science and politics including the unesco episode; it seemed bigger than life, so as an assistant in the preparation of the volume, I checked up on his claims and found that other participants agreed with his version. See Kirtley Mather , “Harlow Shapley, man of the world”, American scholar , xl (1971), 475–81, and also Don Price , “The scientist as politician”, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , xxvi (1973), 25–34.