GilbertWilliam, De magnete (London, 1600), trans. by ThompsonSylvanus P. (New York, 1958), 212. Gilbert devoted Book VI to the discussion of terrestrial magnetism.
2.
Ibid., 210.
3.
Ibid., 231.
4.
On the tenacity of Gilbert's influence and the appeal of magnetical philosophy in late seventeenth-century English astronomical thought see the excellent article of BennettJ. A., “Cosmology and the magnetical philosophy, 1640–1680”, Journal for the history of astronomy, xii (1981), 165–77.
5.
KeplerJohannes, Gesammelte Werke, ed. by von DyckWalther and CasparMax (Munich, 1937–75), xvi, 86. Letter to Johann Georg Brengger of 30 November 1607.
6.
KeplerJohannes, Astronomia nova seu Physica coelestis (Prague, 1609), c. 23, p. 176.
7.
Ibid., 176.
8.
Ibid., 270, 272.
9.
KeplerJohannes, Epitome astronomiae Copernicanae (1618–21), in Gesammelte Werke, vii, 299–300.
10.
GalileiGalileo, Dialogo sopra i due Massimi Sistemi del Mondo Tolemaico e Copernicano (Florence, 1632), trans. and ed. by DrakeStillman (2nd edn, Berkeley, 1967), 406–13.
11.
Opere di Galileo Galilei, ed. nazionale, ed. by FavaroA. (Florence, 1890–1910 and later printings), xiv, 34. Letter of Cesare Marsili to Galileo, 10 April 1629.
For Kircher's accomplishments as an astronomer see FletcherJohn E., “Astronomy in the life and correspondence of Athanasius Kircher”, Isis, lxi (1970), 52–67.
16.
KircherAthanasius, Magnes sive De arte magnetica (Rome, 1641; 2nd edn, Cologne, 1643), 40.
17.
Ibid., 475.
18.
Ibid., 478–85.
19.
Ibid., 478–85.
20.
Ibid., 479.
21.
Ibid., 486.
22.
Ibid., 486.
23.
Ibid., 492–502.
24.
Ibid., 491.
25.
Ibid., 498.
26.
Ibid., 498–9.
27.
Ibid., 475.
28.
Ibid., 475.
29.
For a thorough account of the clock see MonchampGeorges, Galilée et la Belgique (Saint-Trond, 1892), 127–41.
30.
Silvestro di Pietra-Sancta, De symbolis heroicis (Antwerp, 1634), 145–6.
31.
Galilei, Opere, xvi, 245et seq. Letter of Claude Nicolas Fabri de Peiresc to Galileo, 1 April 1635.
32.
Ibid.
33.
Ibid.
34.
Ibid.
35.
GalileiGalileo, A long-lost letter from Galileo to Peiresc on a magnetic clock, trans. by DrakeStillman (Burndy Library, Norwalk, Conn., 1967), 52–56. This letter was not included in the Opere and remained unpublished until recently.
36.
Ibid., 52.
37.
Ibid., 55.
38.
Ibid., 55.
39.
Kircher, Magnes, 646.
40.
Ibid., 274–5. For a discussion of the clockworks suggested by Galileo and Kircher to account for the globe's diurnal rotation see Drake's A long-lost letter, 49–51.
41.
Nicolas Claude Fabri de Peiresc, Lettres de Peiresc, ed. by de LarroqueTamizey Philippe (Paris, 1888–98), iii, 332. Letter of Peiresc to DuPuy, June 1635.
42.
Ibid., iv, 354. Peiresc to Gassendi, 2 March 1633.
43.
Ibid., iv, 354.
44.
Ibid., iv, 399. Peiresc to Gassendi, 24 December 1633.
45.
For the diffusion of Galilean astronomy by seventeenth-century Jesuits in China see D'EliaPasquale, Galileo in China: Relations through the Roman College between Galileo and the Jesuit scientist-missionaries (1610–1640), translated by SuterRufus and SciasciaMatthew (Cambridge, Mass., 1960).
46.
Correspondance du p. Marin Mersenne, religieux minime, published and ed. by TanneryPaul Mme and de WaardCornelis (Paris, 1933), iii, 400. Letter of Jacques Grandami to Kircher, 9 May 1640.
47.
GrandamiJacques, Nova demonstratio immobilitatis terrae petita ex virtute magnetica (Flexiae, 1645), preface.
48.
Ibid., 32.
49.
Ibid., 52.
50.
Ibid., 54–55.
51.
Ibid., 130.
52.
Kircher, Magnes, 310.
53.
ZucchiNiccolo, Nova de machinis philosophia (Rome, 1649), 186.
54.
Ibid., 202.
55.
Ibid., 205–11.
56.
Ibid., 212et seq.
57.
SchottGaspar, Magia universalis naturae et artis (Herbipoli, 1657–59), i, Prolegomena, 23.
58.
Ibid., iv, 252.
59.
Ibid., iv, 255.
60.
Ibid., iv, 260.
61.
Ibid., iv, 260.
62.
Ibid., iv, 260.
63.
PowerHenry, Experimental philosophy (London, 1664), Book 3, c.4, p.165.
64.
Ibid.
65.
von GuerickeOtto, Experimenta nova, ut vocantur magdeburgica de vacuo spacio (Amsterdam, 1672), 134.
