On the Discovery of Extragalactic Radio Sources

Jansky K. G. , “Directional studies of atmospherics at high frequencies”, Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, xx (1932), 1920–32; idem, “Electrical disturbances apparently of extraterrestrial origin”, ibid., xxi (1933), 1387–98; idem, “A note on the source of interstellar interference”, ibid., xxiii (1935), 1158–63.

Reber G. , “Cosmic static”, ibid., xxviii (1940), 68–70; idem, “Cosmic static”, Astrophysical journal, xci (1940), 621–4; idem, “Cosmic static”, Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, xxx (1942), 367–78; idem, “Cosmic static”, Astrophysical journal, c (1944), 279–87.

Henyey L. G. and Keenan P. C. , “Interstellar radiation from free electrons and hydrogen atoms”, ibid., xci (1940), 625–30.

Shklovsky I. S. , Cosmic radio waves (Moscow, 1956; Eng. trans., Cambridge, Mass., 1960).

Alfvén H. and Herlofson N. , “Cosmic radiation and radio stars”, Physical review, lxxviii (1950), 616; Kiepenheuer K. O. , “Cosmic rays as the source of general galactic radio emission”, ibid., lxxix (1950), 738–9.

Hey J. S. Parsons S. J. and Phillips J. W. , “Fluctuations in cosmic radiation at radio-frequencies”, Nature, clviii (1946), 234.

Bolton J. G. , “Discrete sources of galactic radio frequency noise”, Nature, clxii (1948), 141–2.

Bolton J. G. Stanley G. J. and Slee O. B. , “Positions of three discrete sources of galactic radio-frequency radiation”, Nature, clxiv (1949), 101–2.

Bolton J. G. and Stanley G. J. , “Variable sources of radio frequency radiation in the constellation of Cygnus”, Nature, clxi (1948), 312–13.

Bolton Stanley and Slee , op. cit. (ref. 8), 102.

Ryle M. and Smith F. G. , “A new intense source of radio-frequency radiation in the constellation of Cassiopeia”, Nature, clxii (1948), 462–3.

Ryle M. Smith F. G. and Elsmore B. , “A preliminary survey of the radio stars in the northern hemisphere”, Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, cx (1950), 508–23.

Stanley G. J. and Slee O. B. , “Galactic radiation at radio frequencies II: The discrete sources”, Australian journal of scientific research, A iii (1950), 234–50.

Brown Hanbury R. and Hazard C. , “Radio-frequency radiation from the great nebula in Andromeda (M 31)”, Nature, clxvi (1950), 901–2.

Reber G. and Greenstein J. L. , “Radio-frequency investigations of astronomical interest”, The observatory, lxvii (1947), 15–26.

Unsöld A. , “Ueber der Ursprung der Radiofrequenzstrahlung und der Ultrastrahlung in der Milchstrasse”, Zeitschrift für Astrophysik, xxvi (1949), 176–99.

Westerhout G. and Oort J. H. , “A comparison of the intensity distribution of radio-frequency radiation with a model of the galactic system”, Bulletin of the astronomical institutes of the Netherlands, xi (1951), 323–33.

As reported in The observatory, lxxi (1951), 209.

Smith F. G. , “An accurate determination of the positions of four radio stars”, Nature, clxviii (1951), 555.

Jodrell Bank Archives deposited in the John Rylands University Library of Manchester (carbon of typescript).

Ibid. (manuscript).

Ibid. (carbon of typescript).

Ibid. (manuscript).

Ibid. (manuscript).

Ibid. (carbon of typescript).

As reported in The observatory, lxxi (1951), 211–12.

Ibid., 210–11, and Brown Hanbury R. and Hazard C. , “A radio survey of the Cygnus region, I: The localized source Cygnus (1)”, Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, cxi (1951), 576–84.

See ref. 26, 213.

Ibid.

Jodrell Bank Archives (see ref. 20) (manuscript).

Brown Hanbury R. Jennison R. C. and Gupta Das M. K. , “Apparent angular sizes of discrete radio sources—observations at Jodrell Bank, Manchester”, Nature, clxx (1952), 1061–3.

Jodrell Bank Archives (see ref. 20) (manuscript).

Ibid. (manuscript).

Baade W. and Minkowski R. , “Identification of the radio sources in Cassiopeia, Cygnus A, and Puppis A”, Astrophysical journal, cxix (1954), 206–14.

As reported in The observatory, lxxii (1952), 213.

Baade W. and Minkowski R. , “On the identification of radio sources”, Astrophysical journal, cxix (1954), 215–31.

See Schklovsky , Cosmic radio waves, and the research articles published in Russian by Fradkin M. I. Getmantsev G. G. Ginzburg V. L. , and/or Schklovsky I. S. , notably those in Doklady Akademii Nauk SSR, lxxvi (1951), 377–80; lxxxiii (1952), 557–60; xcii (1953), 531–4; Astronomicheskij Zhurnal, xxix (1952), 418–49; xxx (1953), 15–36; and Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk, li (1953), 343–92.

As reported in The observatory, lxxv (1955), 104. See Ryle M. and Scheuer P. A. G. , “The spatial distribution and the nature of radio stars”, Proceedings of the Royal Society, A ccxxx (1955), 448–62.

Lovell A. C. B. , La Structure et l'evolution de l'univers (Brussels, 1958).

Minkowski R. , “A new distant cluster of galaxies”, Astrophysical journal, cxxxii (1960), 908–10.