SchafferS., “John Michell and black holes”, Journal for the history of astronomy, x (1979), 42–43. Schaffer cites Michell's “On the Means of discovering the Distance, Magnitude, &c. of the Fixed Stars, in consequence of the Diminution of the velocity of their Light, in case such a Diminution should be found to take place in any of them, and such Data should be procured from Observations, as would be farther necessary for that Purpose”, Philosophical transactions, lxxiv (1784), 35–57, read 27 November 1783, and Herschel's “On Nebulous Stars, properly so called”, Philosophical transactions, lxxxi (1791), 71–88; and he discusses this early work.
2.
LaplaceP. S., Exposition du système du monde (Paris, 1796), ii, 305, and in Allgemeine geographische Ephemeriden, iv (1799), 1–6, as discussed in “Appendix A” of HawkingS. W. and EllisG. F. R., The large-scale structure of space-time (Cambridge, 1973), 365–8, p. 365. Laplace's 1799 paper is translated in the appendix.
3.
MontgomeryJ. W.Jr, “Nathaniel Bowditch's contributions to the development of mathematical astronomy in the United States” (dissertation in preparation at The University of Connecticut).
4.
CoolidgeJ. L., “Robert Adrain, and the beginnings of American mathematics”, American mathematical monthly, xxxiii (1926), 61–76.
5.
BowditchN., “Question 45”, The analyst, i (1808), 114.
6.
AdrainR., The analyst, i (1808), 223–4, p. 223. Adrain added his remark and his own solution beneath Bowditch's solution.
