The Schaeberle 40-Ft Eclipse Camera of Lick Observatory

Holden E. S. , “The Lick Observatory eclipse expeditions of January, 1889, December, 1889, and of April, 1893”, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (PASP), vi (1894), 245–54. The Yale experiment, by Hastings C. S. , compared spectra of the outer (F) corona at east and west limbs, seeking evidence of coronal rotation. Finding none, he concluded that the spectra, and more erroneously, the corona itself, could be explained by diffraction of photospheric light around the edge of the Moon. Holden, then Director of Washburn Observatory, was with Hastings on Caroline Island for the 1883 eclipse.

Keeler J. E. , in “Reports on the observations of the total eclipse of the Sun of January 1, 1889”, Contributions from the Lick Observatory , no. 1 (1889). Keeler established that the intensity pattern of the coronal (F) spectrum did not move across the sky at the lunar ascension rate, as one would expect from diffraction.

Burnham S. W. Schaeberle J. M. , in “Total solar eclipse of December, 1889”, Contributions from the Lick Observatory , no. 2 (1891), 22–46.

Schaeberle J. M. , A mechanical theory of the solar corona (State Office, Sacramento, 1891).

Bailey S. I. , History and work of Harvard Observatory, 1839 to 1927 (New York, 1931).

Schaeberle J. M. , “Report on the total eclipse of the Sun…”, Contributions from the Lick Observatory , no. 4 (1895).

In Schaeberle's mind must have been the haunting memory of Father Perry, head of the English eclipse expedition to Devil's Island in December 1889. Perry was taken seriously ill shortly before the eclipse, but considering himself indispensable to success, he ordered that he be carried to his station to perform his duty on 22 December. His death quickly followed, and Schaeberle, from Cayenne, reported the sad incident to Lick. Op. cit. (n. 3).

Holden E. S. , “Lick Observatory expedition to observe the total solar eclipse of August, 1896, in Japan”, PASP , viii (1896), 30–1.

Holden E. S. , “Total solar eclipse of August, 1896, in Japan”, PASP , viii (1896), 244. The only successful observations of the 1896 eclipse were obtained from northern Russia and Scandinavia, where prospects for clear skies were worst.

Campbell W. W. , “A general account of the Lick Observatory—Crocker eclipse expedition to India”, PASP , x (1898), 127–40.

Campbell W. W. , “The Lick Observatory eclipse expedition”, PASP , x (1898), 81–2.

Campbell W. W. , “Edward Singleton Holden”, PASP , xxvi (1914), 77–87. Holden returned to New York to write, and from 1901 until his death in 1914 was Librarian at the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, from which he had been graduated in 1870.

Hussey W. J. , “John Martin Schaeberle, 1853–1924”, PASP , xxxvi (1924), 309–12. Schaeberle maintained no affiliation with either Lick or the University of Michigan until his death in 1924, and published nothing more in astronomy. Shortly after returning to Ann Arbor he started work in his own workshop and at his own expense, apparently in secret, on the construction of a 24-inch telescope, which he planned to equip with his own modification of a bolometer to detect far infrared radiation from the Sun and stars. Before its completion the large mirror broke. Half of the broken mirror came into the possession of the Department of Physics at the University of Michigan where it served as an off-axis parabola in the important work done there in laboratory infrared spectrometry in the 1930s.

Keeler J. E. , “The Crocker-Lick Observatory eclipse expedition”, PASP , xii (1900), 74–5.

Campbell W. W. Perrine C. D. , “The Crocker expedition to observe the total solar eclipse of May 28, 1900”, PASP , xii (1900), 175–84.

[ Chester C. M. ,] “Total solar eclipse of May 28, 1900”, Publications of the U.S. Naval Observatory , (2) iv (1905), Appendix I, pp. D101–D111.

Langley S. P. , “The 1900 solar eclipse expedition of the Astrophysical Observatory of the Smithsonian Institution” (Washington, D.C., 1904).

Perrine C. D. , “The Lick Observatory—Crocker expedition to observe the total solar eclipse of 1901, May 17–18”, PASP , xiii (1901), 187–204.

Curtis H. D. , “The Lick Observatory—Crocker eclipse expedition to Labrador”, PASP , xvii (1905), 173–81.

Campbell W. W. Perrine C. D. , “The Lick Observatory—Crocker eclipse expedition to Spain”, PASP , xviii (1906), 13–36.

Hussey W. J. , “The Lick Observatory—Crocker eclipse expedition to Egypt”, PASP , xviii (1906), 37–46.

Hussey spent ten days and nights developing his plates under trying conditions in the basement of the Savoy Hotel on Elephantine Island. In the terrible heat of August he found his test plates ruined, his developer faulty; ice, brought daily 500 miles by rail from Cairo, was never adequate for his needs. His interesting and well-written journal leaves the reader exhausted.

Campbell W. W. Perrine C. D. , “The results of an effort to determine motion within the solar corona”, Lick Observatory bulletins , iv, no. 115 (1907).

Perrine C. D. , “Results of the search for an intramercurial planet at the total solar eclipse of August 30, 1905”, ibid. .

Campbell W. W. , “The Crocker eclipse expedition of 1908 from the Lick Observatory, University of California”, PASP , xx (1908), 63–86.

Perrine C. D. , “The search for intramercurial bodies at the total solar eclipse of January 3, 1908”, Lick Observatory bulletins , v, no. 152 (1909).

Campbell W. W. Curtis H. D. , “The Lick Observatory—Crocker eclipse expedition to Brovarý, Russia”, PASP , xxvi (1914), 225–37.

John Milton , Paradise Lost. .

Campbell W. W. , “The Lick Observatory eclipse instruments”, PASP , xxx (1918), 171–4.

Campbell W. W. , “The Crocker eclipse expedition from the Lick Observatory, University of California, June 8, 1918”, PASP , xxx (1918), 219–40.

Campbell W. W. , “The total eclipse of the Sun, September 21, 1922”, PASP , xxxv (1923), 11–44.

Wright W. H. , “The Lick Observatory—Crocker eclipse expedition to Enseñada, Lower California, September 10, 1923”, PASP , xxxv (1923), 275–89.

Moore J. H. , “The Lick Observatory—Crocker eclipse expedition to Fryeburg, Maine, August 31, 1932”, PASP , xliv (1932), 341–60.