A Medieval Planetary Diagram in Graz University Library

Kern A. , “Die Handschriften der Universitätsbibliothek Graz”, i (Leipzig, 1942), 16–17.

Eichler F. in Beiträge zum Bibl.- u. Buchwesen P. Schwenke … gewidmet (Berlin, 1913), 79–80; Schmidt-Künsemüller F. A. , Corpus der gotischen Lederschnitteinbände aus dem deutschen Sprachgebiet , no. 97 (Leipzig, 1980).

Eastwood B. Graßhoff G. , “Planetary diagrams for Roman astronomy in medieval Europe”, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, xciv/3 (2004).

Isidore of Seville, “Etymologiae”, British Library 070737, Royal 12F.IV, f. 135v.

Venerabilis Beda , “De natura rerum liber”, Patrologia Latina, ed. by Migne J. P. , xc (1844), cols. 0208A-0211.

Venerabilis Beda , “De temporum ratione”, ibid., col. 0289B.

Lambert of Saint-Omer , “Liber Floridus”, Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel, Cod. Guelf 1 Gud lat, f. 6v.

Isidore of Seville, op. cit. (ref. 4).

Lambert of Saint-Omer, “Liber Floridus” (ref. 7), f. 61r.

Hensle-Wlasak H. , “Drei astronomisch-astrologische Sphären in Handschriften der Universitätsbibliothek Graz”, in Faszination Bibel, ed. by Göbel E. (exhibition catalogue, Graz, 2003), 26–34.

Venerabilis Beda , op. cit. (ref. 6).

Eastwood B. E. , “Origins and contents of the Leiden planetary configuration (ms Voss. Q. 79 fol. 93v): An artistic astronomical schema of the early Middle Ages”, Viator, xiv (1983), 1–47; Mostert R. Mostert M. , “Using astronomy as an aid to dating manuscripts: The example of the Leiden Aratea planetarium”, Quaerendo , xx (1990), 248–61; Pingree D. , “The Preceptum canonis Ptolemaei”, in Hamesse J. Fattori M. (eds), Recontres de cultures dans la philosophie médiévale: Traductions et traducteures de l'Antiquité tardive au XIVe siècle. Actes du Colloque International de Cassino, 15–17 juin 1989 (Louvain-la-Neuve and Cassino, 1990), 355–75.

Capella Martianus , De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii et de septem artibus liberalibus (Frankfurt, 1836).

For example in MS W37 f. 2v, Walters Art Museum, Baltimore.

Maior Plinius , Historia naturalis, Lib. II, 13–14 (63–64).

Lambert of Saint-Omer, “Liber Floridus” (ref. 7), f. 61r.

Dekker E. , “Carolingian planetary observations: The case of the Leiden planetary configuration”, Journal for the history of astronomy, xxxviii (2008), 213–28.

Maurus Hrabanus , “Liber de computo”, Patrologia Latina, ed. by Migne J. P. , cvii (1844), cols 0669–0728B, cap. 18, 0694C.

Skygazer release 4.5.5 for Windows, Carina Software, 2010.

Cartes du Ciel version 2.76, freeware by Chevalley Patrick , 2004.

Tuckerman B. , Planetary, lunar and solar positions: A.D. 2 to A.D. 1649 at five-day and ten-day intervals (Philadelphia, 1964).

The visibility of Venus is corroborated by a recent example. In June 2011 Venus rose about 50 min before sunrise and had an angular distance to the Sun of 13°. This was very similar to the conditions at our date (64 min, 12°), and Venus was visible, as is proved by numerous documentations (for example) http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1107/mv2011Jun30_tezelF.jpg.

Hensle-Wlasak H. , “Drei astronomisch-astrologische Sphären in Handschriften der Universitätsbibliothek Graz”, in Göbel (ed.), op. cit. (ref. 10), 26–34.