Astronomical Activity in Portugal in the Fourteenth Century

Cortesão J. , “Cultura: Capítulo I — Influência dos descobrimentos dos portugueses na história da civilização”, in História de Portugal , ed. by Peres D. (10 vols, Barcelos, 1928–81), iv (1932), 179–240. See also Beaujouan G. , L'astronomie dans la péninsule ibérique à la fin du moyen âge (Coimbra, 1969), 7.

da Costa A. Fontoura , A marinharia dos descubrimientos, 4th edn (Lisbon, 1983), 80.

Millás J. M. , “Almanaques catalanes y portugueses del siglo XIV de origen árabe”, in Millás J. M. , Estudios sobre historia de la ciencia española (Barcelona, 1949), 387–97. According to Millás, the material preceding the almanac belongs to at least two separate sets: Ff. 1–2 and 9–10 on the one hand, and ff. 3v–8 and 11–12 on the other. But neither the contents nor the handwriting supports Millás's suggestion.

Chabás J. , “El almanaque perpetuo de Ferrand Martines (1391)”, Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences, xlvi (1996), 261–308; see espec. pp. 263–4.

Burgos F. Cantera , “El judío salmantino Abraham Zacut”, Revista de la Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales de Madrid, xxvii (1931), 63–398, espec. p. 365. See also Zacut A. , Almanach perpetuum, ed. by Vizinus J. (Leiria, 1496), 168r.

Kennedy E. S. Faris N. , “The solar eclipse technique of Yaḥyā b. Abī Manṣūr”, Journal for the history of astronomy, i (1970), 20–38, espec. pp. 21–24. Reprinted in Studies in the Islamic exact sciences, ed. by King D. A. Kennedy M. H. (Beirut, 1983), 185–203; this procedure was reconstructed by O. Neugebauer as indicated in a footnote on p. 24.

Chabás J. Goldstein B. R. , “Andalusian astronomy: Al-Zīj al-Muqtabis of Ibn al-Kammād”, Archive for history of exact sciences, xlviii (1994), 1–41, espec. pp. 14–17; Millás J. M. , Las Tablas Astronómicas del Rey Don Pedro el Ceremonioso (Madrid and Barcelona, 1962), espec. p. 236; Chabás J. , “Astronomía andalusí en Cataluña: Las Tablas de Barcelona”, in From Baghdad to Barcelona: Studies in the Islamic exact sciences in honour of Prof. Juan Vernet, ed. by Casulleras J. Samsó J. (Barcelona, 1996), 477–525, espec. pp. 510–11.

Suter H. , Die astronomischen Tafeln des Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (Copenhagen, 1914), 171–3.

On Bede, see Wallis F. (transl.), Bede: The Reckoning of Time (Liverpool, 1999), 137–9; on Harriot, see North J. D. , “Thomas Harriot's papers on the calendar”, in The light of nature: Essays in the history and philosophy of science presented to A. C. Crombie, ed. by North J. D. Roche J. J. (Dordrecht, 1985), 145–74, espec. pp. 163–7.

Murdoch J. E. , Album of science: Antiquity and the Middle Ages (New York, 1984), 80.

See Wallis , Bede (ref. 9), 339–40; Neugebauer O. , A history of ancient mathematical astronomy (Berlin and New York, 1975), 1062.

Teres G. , “Time computations and Dionysius Exiguus”, Journal for the history of astronomy, xv (1984), 177–88, espec. pp. 180–2.

Boffito J. d'Eril C. Melzi , Almanach Dantis Aligherii sive Profhacii Judaei Montispessulani Almanach Perpetuum, ad annum 1300 inchoatum (Florence, 1908), 113–14.

On the zij of al-Battānī, see Nallino C. A. , Al-Battānī sive Albatenii Opus astronomicum (2 vols, Milan, 1903–7), ii, 88; on the Toledan Tables, see Pedersen F. S. , The Toledan Tables: A review of the manuscripts and the textual versions with an edition (Copenhagen, 2002), 1412; on the Almanac of Azarquiel, see Millás J. M. , Estudios sobre Azarquiel (Madrid and Granada, 1943–50), 174.

See Boffito d'Eril Melzi , Almanach (ref. 13), 2.

See Boffito d'Eril Melzi , Almanach (ref. 13), 115.

Pedersen F. S. , Petri Philomenae de Dacia et Petri de S. Audomaro, Opera quadrivialia (Corpus philosophorum Danicorum medii aevi, 10.1–2; Copenhagen, 1983–4), 360.

Millás , “Almanaques catalanes” (ref. 3), 391.

See Cortesão , “Influência dos descobrimentos” (ref. 1), 196–205.

See Pedersen , Petri de Dacia (ref. 17), 333.

Goldstein B. R. Chabás J. , and Mancha J. L. , “Planetary and lunar velocities in the Castilian Alfonsine Tables”, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, cxxxviii (1994), 61–95, espec. pp. 89 and 93. See also Pedersen, Toledan Tables (ref. 14), 1586–8.

Kennedy E. S. , A survey of Islamic astronomical tables (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, n.s., xlvi/2; Philadelphia, 1956), 156.

Wright R. R. (ed. and transl.), The book of instruction in the elements of the art of astrology, by al-Bīrūnī (London, 1934), 258.

For domiciles according to al-Khwārizmī, see Suter , Al-Khwārizmī (ref. 8), 231.

Kunitzsch P. , Typen von Sternverzeichnissen in astronomischen Handschriften des zehnten bis vierzehnten Jahrhunderts (Wiesbaden, 1966), 87–94; Pedersen , Toledan Tables (ref. 14), 1494–7.

See Pedersen , Toledan Tables (ref. 14), 1489.

Robbins F. E. (ed. and transl.), Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos (London and Cambridge, MA, 1940), 97 and 107.

See Pedersen , Toledan Tables (ref. 14), 1512–13.

Millás , “Almanaques catalanes” (ref. 3), 391–2.

Samsó J. , Las ciencias de los antiguos en al-Andalus (Madrid, 1992), 90; Comes M. , “The ‘meridian of water’ in the tables of geographical coordinates of al-Andalus and North Africa”, Journal for the history of Arabic science, x (1994), 1994–51.

For an explanation of this code see Wright , The book of instruction (ref. 23), 258; see also Chabás J. Goldstein B. R. , Astronomy in the Iberian Peninsula: Abraham Zacut and the transition from manuscript to print (Philadelphia, 2000), 72 and 87.

Pedersen , Toledan Tables (ref. 14), 1599, Table RE21.

See Wright , The book of instruction (ref. 23), 26. For a table of lords of the faces, see Wright , ibid., 263.

See Wright , The book of instruction (ref. 23), 259.

See Chabás Goldstein , Abraham Zacut (ref. 31), 87.

For the “standard” list, see Pedersen , Toledan Tables (ref. 14), 1592, Table RA22.

See Pedersen , Toledan Tables (ref. 14), 1599.

For a list of planetary domiciles, see Wright , The book of instruction (ref. 23), 256.

See Boffito d'Eril Melzi , Almanach (ref. 13), 112.