Jules Janssen's ‘Revolver Photographique’ and its British Derivative,‘the Janssen Slide’

On the ‘black drop effect’, see d'Arturo Horn Guido , “Il fenomeno della ‘goccia nera’ e l'astigmatismo”, Pubblicazioni dell' Oservatorio Astronomico della R. Università di Bologna, i/3 (1922), 25–57; Schaefer Bradley E. , “The transit of Venus and the notorious black drop effect”, Journal for the history of astronomy, xxxiv (2001), 325–36; and Schneider Glenn Pasachoff Jay M. and Golub Leon , “TRACE observations of the 15 November 1999 transit of Mercury and the black drop effect for the 2004 transit of Venus”, Icarus, clxviii (2004), 249–56.

Clerke Agnes M. , A popular history of astronomy during the nineteenth century (Edinburgh, 1885), 269–87.

Hingley Peter D. and Launay Françoise , “Passages de Vénus, 1874 et 1882”, in Dans le champ des étoiles: Les photographes et le del, 1850–2000 (Paris, 2000), 119–20.

See for example Maunder Michael J. de F. and Moore Patrick , Transit: When planets cross the Sun (New York, 1999), and Maor Eli , June 8, 2004: Venus in transit (Princeton, 2000).

Hughes David W. , “Six stages in the history of the astronomical unit”, Journal of astronomical history and heritage, iv (2001), 15–28.

Launay Françoise , “Jules Janssen et la photographie” in Dans le champ des étoiles (ref. 3), 22–31.

Canales Jimena , “Photogenic Venus: The ‘cinematographic turn’ and its alternatives in the nineteenth-century France”, lsis, xciii (2002), 585–613.

Aubin David , “Orchestrating observatory, laboratory, and field: Jules Janssen, the spectroscope and travel”, Nuncius, xvii (2002), 143–62.

Janssen Jules , “Note sur de nouveaux spectroscopes”, Atti della Academia Pontifica de' Nuovi Lincei, xvi (1862), 73–75.

Janssen Jules , “Sur l'étude spectrale des protubérances solaires”, Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences, lxvii (1868), 93–95.

Lockyer Norman J. , “Notice of an observation of the spectrum of a solar prominence”, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, xvii (1868), 91–92.

Janssen Jules , “Méthode pour obtenir les images monochromatiques des corps lumineux”, British Association for the Advancement of Science. Report of the 39th meeting (Exeter, 1869), 23.

Janssen Jules , “Compas aéronautique”, Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences, lxxii (1871), 222–5.

Launay Franćoise and Hingley Peter D. , “Astronomy in the Nilgiri Hills”, in Hockings Paul (ed.), Encyclopedia of the Nilgiri Hills (Walnut Creek, CA, and New Delhi, forthcoming).

Janssen Jules , “Passage de Vénus; Méthode pour obtenir photographiquement l'instant des contacts, avec les circonstances physiques qu'ils présentent”, Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences, lxxvi (1873), 677–9.

Harding Colin , “Images on disc”, Photographica world, no. 62 (September 1992), 7–12.

Reported in Bulletin de la Société Française de Photographie , viii (1862), 184–5.

Hingley Peter D. , “Thomas Skaife's pistolgraphs”, Astronomy and geophysics, xl/5 (1999), 7.

Gustavson Todd , “http://www.geh.org/fm/mees/htmlsrc/mees_sum00001.html”, and next web page (2001).

Janssen Jules , “Présentation d'un spécimen de photographies d'un passage artificiel de Vénus obtenu avec le revolver photographique”, Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l' Académie des Sciences, lxxix (1874), 6–7.

Flammarion Camille , “Le passage de Vénus: Résultats des expéditions françaises”, La nature, iii/1 (1875), 356–8.

Janssen Jules , “Présentation du revolver photographique et d'épreuves obtenues avec cet instrument”, Bulletin de la Société Française de Photographie, xxii (1876), 100–2.

Janssen M. was also able to use the ingenious apparatus of his own design, which was named ‘Janssen’ by the English astronomers and which all the English parties turned to good account, while lack of time and money did not allow us to provide them to ours.”

The French name of the committee was: “Commission chargée d'examiner les comptes des dépenses de M. Janssen”.

Janssen , op. cit. (ref. 22).

Janssen Jules , “Le revolver photographique”, Paris-photographe, 25 May 1891, 49–57. [Paul Nadar was the son of Felix Tournachon.].

Janssen Jules , “Methode pour obtenir photographiquement l'instant des contacts, avec les circonstances physiques qu'ils présentent. Abstract”, Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, xxxiii (1873), 380–1.

Letter from Airy to Dallmeyer , CUL, RGO Ms 6/277, 327.

Hope-Jones Frank , Electrical timekeeping (London, 1940), 16.

Letter from Dallmeyer to Airy , CUL, RGO Ms 6/277, 330–1.

Letter from Dallmeyer to Airy , CUL, RGO Ms 6/277, 335.

Letter from Airy to Dallmeyer , CUL, RGO Ms 6/277, 336.

Letter from De La Rue to Airy , CUL, RGO Ms 6/277, 506r. [The sentence was underlined by De La Rue .].

Letter from De La Rue to Airy , CUL, RGO Ms 6/277, 772v.

After a letter from Janssen to his wife, IdFL, Ms 4133, 180.

Letter from Airy to De La Rue , CUL, RGO Ms 6/277, 774.

Letter from Airy to Dallmeyer, CUL, RGO Ms 6/277, 381.

Letter from Airy to Dallmeyer , CUL, RGO Ms 6/277, 731r.

De La Rue Warren , “On a piece of apparatus for carrying out M. Janssen's method of time-photographic observations of the transit of Venus”, Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, xxxiv (1874), 347–53. All the previous quotations are from this article.

De La Rue Warren , “Appareil pour les observations photographiques du passage de Venus, d'après la méthode de M. Janssen”, Bulletin de la Société Française de Photographie, xx (1874), 197–203.

Letter from De La Rue to Airy , CUL, RGO Ms 6/277, 791.

Letter from Airy to De La Rue , CUL, RGO Ms 6/277, 793.

Letter from Airy to Dallmeyer , CUL, RGO Ms 6/277, 393.

Letter from Dallmeyer to Airy , CUL, RGO Ms 6/277, 400.

IdFL, Ms 4128–3.

Letter from Dallmeyer to Airy , CUL, RGO Ms 6/277, 421.

Letter from Airy to Janssen , CUL, RGO Ms 6/271, 835A.

Letter from Airy to Tupman Captain dated 7 April 1874, CUL, RGO Ms 6/277, 799.

Forbes George , “The coming transit of Venus VII”, Nature, x (1874), 86–88, p. 86.

de Wiveleslie Abney William , “On the photographic operations connected to the coming transit of Venus”, Nature, x (1874), 449–50.

Helmut and Gernsheim Alison , The history of photography (Oxford, 1955), 266.

This particular observation was made visually using glass of a deep blue tint, which “showed Janssen's genius in remarkable manner” as pointed out in Nature, xi (1875), 388.

Janssen Jules , “Telegrams relating to the observations of the transit of Venus, 1874, December 9, received by the Astronomer Royal”, Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, xxxv (1874), 85–89, p. 87.

Janssen Jules , “Lettre de M. Janssen à M. Dumas, président de la Commission du passage de Vénus”, Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences, lxxx (1875), 342–5.

de Wiveleslie Abney William , in “Telegrams relating to the observations of the transit of Venus, 1874, December 9, received by the Astronomer Royal”, Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, xxxv (1874), 85–89, p. 86.

“The transit of Venus”, Nature, xi (1874), 171.

IdFL, Ms 4128–10.

de Wiveleslie Abney William , “Photography in the transit of Venus”, Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, xxxv (1875), 309–10, p. 310.

Airy Bidell George , Account of observations of the transit of Venus, 1874, December 8, Appendix V. — Photographic observations of the transit of Venus (London, 1881), 19.

Strange A. “Transit of Venus”, Nature, xi (1874), 130–2, p. 131.

Waterhouse J. , “Photography in connection with the observation of the transit of Venus at Rookee, December 9^th (civil), 1874”, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, xliv/2 (1875), 64–82.

“The transit of Venus”, Nature, xi (1875), 387–9, p. 389.

Russell Chamberlaine Henry , in “Telegrams” (ref. 55), 88.

Russell Chamberlaine Henry , Observations of the Transit of Venus, 9 December, 1874; made at stations in New South Wales, (Sydney, 1892), p. xxviii.

Airy , op. cit. (ref. 59).

Mannoni Laurent , Etienne-Jules Marey, la mémoire de l'Œil (Paris, 1999), 146.

Sicard Monique , “Passage de Vénus: Le revolver photographique de Jules Janssen”, Études photographiques, iv (1998), 44–63, p. 44.

The movie can be seen on Charl Lucassen's web site, “http://web.inter.nl.net/users/anima/chronoph/janssen/index.htm “(2004).

Leclerc Joseph , “Jules Janssen et le cinématographe”, Bulletin de la Société Astronomique de France, lxix (1955), 388–91, p. 390.

Lomb Nick , personal communication (2004).

Winterburn Emily , personal communication (2004).

Many thanks to Michel Toulmonde who has been able to determine that the times written on the plate correspond to local sideral times at Roorkee.

Janssen , “Présentation” (ref. 22).

Waterhouse J. , Report on the operations connected with the observation of the total solar eclipse of April 6, 1875 (Calcutta, 1875), 4.

Janssen Jules , “Note sur le passage des corps hypothétiques intra-mercuriels sur le Soleil”, Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences, lxxxiii (1876), 650–5, p. 655, and Nature, xiv (1876), 534.

Janssen , “Presentation” (ref. 22).

Braun Marta “The expanded present: Photographing movement”, in Thomas Ann (ed.), Beauty of another order: Photography in science (New Haven and London, 1997), 150–84.

Janssen Jules , “Note sur le principe d'un nouveau revolver photographique”, Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences, xciv (1882), 909–11.

Janssen Jules , “Discours prononcé à l'issue de la session [de l'Union Nationale des Sociétés Photographiques de France] le 15 juin 1895”, in Janssen Jules , Œuvres scientifiques, ii (Paris, 1930), 378–81.

The photographic journal, January 1906, 3.