India and the European Union (EU) are strategic partners with strong trade ties. Similarly, India has historical ties with the UK. Within the EU, the UK used to be an important export market and investment destination for India. There is also a large Indian diaspora in the UK. The article looks at the post-Brexit impact on India’s economic and political ties with the EU. It also evaluates evolving India–UK ties in a post-Brexit scenario.
BanchariyaS. (2020, March 2). Indian students in the UK increased by 93% in 2019. Times of India.https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/times-study-abroad/europe/indian-students-in-uk-increased-by-93-in-2019/articleshow/74440793.cms.
2.
BasuN. (2021, January 1). India, UK likely to take first step towards FTA during Boris Johnson’s visit this month. The Print. https://theprint.in/diplomacy/india-uk-likely-to-take-first-step-towards-fta-during-boris-johnsons-visit-this-month/577814/
3.
BawaU. S. (2010). India and the European Union: From engagement to strategic partnership. International Studies, 47(1–2), 373–386.
4.
BBC News. (2021, January 1). Brexit: New era for UK as it completes separation from European Union. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-55502781
5.
BhattacharyaA. (2019, June 14). Why the number of Indian students going to Britain is rising again. Scroll.in. https://scroll.in/article/926771/why-the-number-of-indian-students-going-to-britain-is-rising-again
6.
BhalaR. (2018, December 8). What should Brexit mean for India?Bloomberg Quint. https://www.bloombergquint.com/opinion/what-should-brexit-mean-for-india
7.
BorrellJ. (2020, July 29). Multilateralism, international law and EU–India relations. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rI5dSv_Pcg0
8.
Business Line. (2021, March 5). Free trade agreement: Talks may gain traction during UK PM Boris Johnson’s likely visit to India. The Hindu. https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/policy/free-trade-agreement-talks-may-gain-traction-during-uk-pm-boris-johnsons-likely-visit-to-india/article33999035.ece
9.
CantonN. (2019, September 11). Indian students will be allowed to stay in UK for two years after graduating. Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/indian-students-will-be-allowed-to-stay-in-uk-for-two-years-after-graduating/articleshow/71073053.cms
10.
ChaudhuriP. P. (2020). Brexit and India–UK relations. In JainR. K. (Ed.), India and the European Union in a turbulent world. Springer Publication.
11.
Commission of the European Communities Directorate-General for Information (1986). The European community and India. http://aei.pitt.edu/7820/1/31735055281301_1.pdf
12.
DaveA. (2020, May 5). Integrated review: The UK’s approach to India. Rusi. https://rusi.org/commentary/integrated-review-uks-approach-india
13.
Delegation of the European Union to India and Bhutan. (2020). India and the EU. https://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/india/670/india-and-eu_en
14.
European Council. (2018, December 10). India: Council adopts conclusions on a new EU strategy. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2018/12/10/india-council-adopts-conclusions-on-a-new-eu-strategy/
15.
German Missions in India. (n.d.). Indo-German economic relations. https://india.diplo.de/in-en/themen/wirtschaft/economic-relations/1991398
16.
GlencrossA. (2016). Why the UK voted for Brexit: David Cameron's great miscalculations. Palgrave Macmillan.
17.
Grant Thornton. (2020). India meets Britain Tracker. https://www.grantthornton.co.uk/globalassets/1.-member-firms/united-kingdom/pdf/publication/2020/india-meets-britain-tracker-2020.pdf
18.
High Commission of India, London. (2018, December 31). India–UK bilateral relations. https://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Bilateral_Brief_India-UK_January_2019.pdf
19.
India Briefing. (2021, February 8). India, UK agree to immediate ‘enhanced trade partnership’. https://www.india-briefing.com/news/india-uk-agree-to-immediate-enhanced-trade-partnership-21667.html/
20.
KhatchaturianA. (2020, February 8). Brexit—what it means for India?http://www.millenniumpost.in/sundaypost/in-retrospect/brexit–what-it-means-for-india-399583
21.
LaskarR.H. (2020, December 15). India, UK to forge 10-year roadmap for ties, push talks on trade deal. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-uk-to-forge-10-year-roadmap-for-ties-push-talks-on-trade-deal/story-c9Jb9Bwtkrv7VYJk1xEyYI.html
22.
LaskarR. H.RajeevJ. (2020, July 24). India, UK agree on steps to bolster trade relationship. The Hindustan Times. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-uk-agree-on-steps-to-bolster-trade-relationship/story-HsRkywjEZx9DCBKGgbsbrI.html#:∼:text=India%2DUK%20trade%20was%20worth,and%20deepening%20the%20trade%20relationship
23.
MehtaR. (2020, December 10). India–EU strategic partnership for the world. Financial Express. https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/india-eu-strategic-partnership-for-the-world/2147023/
24.
MilfordT. (2020, September 10). India’s place in Boris Johnson’s vision for ‘Global Britain’. https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/indias-place-in-boris-johnsons-vision-for-global-britain/
25.
Ministere De L'Europe ET DES Affaires Etrangeres. (2020). India. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/india/
26.
Ministry of Commerce and Industry. (2018). FDI synopsis on country European Union. https://dipp.gov.in/sites/default/files/European_Union_B_18.pdf
27.
Ministry of External Affairs. (2019, January 3). Question no 239 Impact of Brexit on Indians migrated to Britain on Portugal passport. https://www.mea.gov.in/rajya-sabha.htm?dtl/30862/QUESTION+NO239+IMPACT+OF+BREXIT+ON+INDIANS+MIGRATED+TO+BRITAIN+ON+PORTUGAL+PASSPORT
28.
Ministry of External Affairs. (2020a). Visit of external affairs minister to European Union. https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/32401/Visit_of_External_Affairs_Minister_to_European_Union
29.
Ministry of External Affairs. (2020b). India–EU strategic partnership: A roadmap to 2025. https://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/32828/IndiaEU_Strategic_Partnership_A_Roadmap_to_2025
30.
MohanC. R. (2020). With global institutions in turmoil, India needs to be pragmatic and fleet-footed. Indian Express. https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/world-health-organisation-coronavirus-crisis-india-delhi-china-un6356921/
31.
News18. (2015, July 15). Read: Shashi Tharoor's full speech asking UK to pay India for 200 years of its colonial rule. https://www.news18.com/news/india/read-shashi-tharoors-full-speech-asking-uk-to-pay-india-for-200-years-of-its-colonial-rule-1024821.html
32.
PantH.V. (2018 April 19). Making sense of India’s outreach to the Nordic states. The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2018/04/making-sense-of-indias-outreach-to-the-nordic-states/
33.
Prys-HansenM. (2019). The future of Indo-German relations, or: How to fix a faulty relationship.https://www.icwa.in/show_content.php?lang=1&level=1&ls_id=4480&lid=3370
34.
Reserve Bank of India. (2020). Annual report. https://m.rbi.org.in/Scripts/AnnualReportPublications.aspx?Id=1307
35.
SachdevaG. (2014). EU–China and EU–India: A tale of two strategic partnerships. Strategic Analysis, 38(4), 427–431.
36.
SachdevaG. (2015). Evolution of the EU–India strategic partnership and the potential for its revitalisation. European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/534987/EXPO_STU%282015%29534987_EN.pdf
37.
SamuelsonR.J. (2019 January 9). Why China clings to state capitalism. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-china-clings-to-state-capitalism/2019/01/09/5137c6d4-141e-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html
38.
ShahM. (2019, September 19). Life after Brexit. The Telegraph. https://www.telegraphindia.com/education/life-after-brexit/cid/1707109
39.
SinhaY.K. (2019, September 20). Implications of BREXIT and the prospects of an India–UK FTA. https://www.mea.gov.in/distinguished-lectures-detail.htm?847
40.
SrinivasanK. (2021, January 6). Changing contours of India–UK ties. The Hindu. https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/changing-contours-of-india-uk-ties/article33503725.ece
41.
The Economic Times. (2016, June 23). Indian-origin voters divided in Brexit vote. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/nris-in-news/indian-origin-voters-divided-in-brexit-vote/articleshow/52889089.cms?from=mdr
42.
The Hindu. (2020, December 25). India should now aggressively pursue FTAs with EU, U.K.: Trade experts. https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/india-should-now-aggressively-pursue-ftas-with-eu-uk-trade-experts/article33417747.ece
43.
TripathiD. (2011). Development role of the European Union in South Asia. Vij Publication.
44.
WestonA.CableV.&HewittA. (1980). The EEC's generalised system of preferences evaluation and recommendations for change. Overseas Development Institute.
45.
WhiteheadA. (2018, November 3). 'I'm British and Indian—but don't call me European': Why British Indians support Brexit. https://thewire.in/world/british-indians-uk-brexit
46.
ZakariaF. (2009). The post-American world: And the rise of the rest. Penguin Books Limited.
