The Importance of Empathic Responding in the Psychotherapeutic Interview

Carl R. Rogers , On Becoming a Person (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1961), pp. 103-104.

R. Herink, The Psychotherapy Handbook (New York: American Library, 1980).

Kenneth Mark Colby, A. Primer for Psychotherapists. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1951), p. v.

Lawrence Shulman , The Skills of Helping Individuals and Groups. ( Itasca, IL: F. E. Peacock PubI., 1979), p. 40.

Carl Rogers , "The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change," Journal of Consulting Psychology , 22 (1957): 95-103.

Ibid.

Beulah R. Compton , and Burt Galaway , Social Work Processes (Homewood, IL: The Dorsey Press, 1975), p. 175.

Dean H. Hepworth , and JoAnn Larsen, Direct Social Work Practice ( Homewood, IL: The Dorsey Press, 1982)), p. 93.

D. Hammond , D. Hepworth and V. Smith, Improving Therapeutic Communication ( San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1977 ).

Hepworth and Larsen , op. cit, p. 94.

S.B. Truax , "Therapist Empathy, Warmth and Genuineness, and Patient Personality Change in Group Psychotherapy: A Comparison Between Interaction Unit Measures, Time Sample Measures, and Patient Perception Measures ," Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71 (1966): 1-9.

Carl R. Rogers , Freedom to Learn (Columbus : Charles Merrill, 1969).

Ned A. Flanders , Analyzing Teaching Behaviors. ( Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., 1970).

Lawrence Shulman . A Study of the Helping Process ( Vancouver: School of Social Work, University of British Columbia, 1977), p. 278.

One such scale is that developed by D. Hammond , D. Hepworth and V. Smith. Improving Therapeutic Communication (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass , 1977). A five level modification of this scale includes: 1) low level empathic response, 2) moderate low level, 3) reciprocal (interchangeable), 4) moderately high level, and 5) high level empathic responding (additive).

Hepworth and Larsen , op. cit, p. 101.

H. Altmann , "Effects of Empathy, Warmth and Genuineness in the Initial Counseling Interview," Counselor Education and Supervision, 12 (1973): 225-229.

F. Hollis , "Continuance and Discontinuance in Marital Counseling," Social Casework, 49 (1968): 167-174.

Hepworth and Larsen , op. cit, pp. 404-405.

R. Carkhuff , G. Piaget and R. Pierce. "The Development of Skills in Interpersonal Functioning," Counselor Education and Supervision , 7 (1968): 102-106.

R. Carkhuff and C. Truax. "Training in Counseling and Psychotherapy: An Evaluation of an Integrated Didactic and Experimental Approach," Journal of Consulting Psychology, 29 ( 1965): 333-336.

David Burns . Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy ( New York: Signet, 1980 ), p. 166.