An epistemological foundation and methodological directive will be available as a companion paper for the social designer in social development. A discussion on contemporary systems of inquiry identified as Leibnitzian, Lockean, Kantian, Hegelian and Singerian can be found in Churchman , West C., The Design of Inquiring Systems, New York: Macmillian , 1971.
2.
The theoretical perspectives presented in this paper are products of Western thought and even more specifically, from highly advanced scientific and technological societies. For an alternative perspective that examines Western knowledge and Eastern wisdom, see, Siu, R.G.H., The Tao of Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The M.I.T. Press, 1957.
3.
This concept has been developed as a "syncretic construct." See, Sutherland, John W., Societal Systems, New York: North-Holland , 1978.
4.
Logical rational inquiries include quantitative decision models, operations research, probabilistic models (stochastic), etc., see, Quade, E.S. and W.I. Boucher, Systems Analysis and Policy Planning, New York: Elsevier, 1968. An annotated bibliography specifying original sources for ail models can be found in Dror, Yehezkel, Public Policymaking Re-Examined, San Francisco: Chandler Publishing Co., Co., 1968.
5.
For an excellent application of Parsonian theory expressed in meliorative adaptive models including incremental models, consensus models, pluralistic models, etc., see Braybrooke, David and Charles Lindblom, A Strategy of Decision, New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1963.
6.
Hegelian inquiry include conflict models, elite models, gaming models, coercive models, oligarchial models, etc. See, Boulding , Kennith, Conflict and Defense: A General Theory, New York: Harper Torch Books, 1962; Williams, J.D., The Complete Strategyst, New York: McGraw Hill Co., 1966; and Prewitt, Kenneth and Alan Stone, The Ruling Elites , New York: Harper and Row, 1973.
7.
Sequential models in development as an experimentation was first introduced in McKean, Robert N. , The Economics of Defense in the Nuclear Age , Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1961. Another version of this rationale can be found in, Hall, Arthur D., Methodology for Systems Engineering , New York: Van Nestrand Rein-hold Co., 1962.
8.
Advent of new or alternate methodologies in the social and behavioral sciences have generated new insights to the notions about validation and verification in relation to descriptive and prescriptive studies. See, A. Locker and N.A. Coulter, Jr., "A New Look at the Description and Prescription of Systems," Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 22, 1977, pp. 197-206.
9.
The rationale for this convergence through a hypotheticodeductive methodology was first established by, Sutherland, John W., A General Systems Philosophy for the Social and Behavioral Science, New York: George Braziller, 1973. For a discussion on general systems theory, see, Bertalanffy , Ludwig, General Systems Theory, New York: George Braziller , 1968 .
10.
For a discussion on the human creative rational action model, see, Janitch, Erich (ed.), Perspective in Planning , Bellagio, Italy: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Oct.-Nov. 1968 .
11.
The relationship between non purposeful and purposeful behavior (teleology) was discussed in Arthuro Rosenblueth and Norbert Wiener, "Purposeful and Non Purposeful Behavior," Philosophy of Science, 17 (1950) 318-326. See, Monod, Jacques, Chance and Necessity, New York: Vintage Books , 1972, For a discussion on teleology and the ethics of knowledge that is related to the discussion on value choices in scientific inquiry.
