[Welfare in China is a topic which deserves considerable discussion. I think we in the West are generally cynical about welfare in Communist states on the assump tion that they are largely oriented towards the manipulation of power for political or military ends.1]
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References
1.
Howard L. Boorman, 'The Social Revolution in Contemporary China' in William J. Richardson (ed.), China Today, New York: Maryknoll Publications, Friendship Press, 1969, p. 18.
2.
The most notable exception is Joyce Kallgren's 'Social Welfare and China's Industrial Workers' in A. Doak Bainett (ed.), Chinese Communist Politics in Action, Seattle : University of Washington Press, 1969.
3.
For a complete description of the Chinese weifare system see my Chinese Welfare System: 1949-1979, New York: Praeger , forthcoming.
4.
See Francis L. K. Hsu , 'The Family in China' in R. N. Anshen (ed.), The Family: Its Function and Destiny , New York: Harper, 1949.
5.
See, for example, 'On Egalitarianism', Hsueh-hsi, 101, 2 Nov. 1956, in Extracts from Chinese Mainland Magazines, 67, 28 Jan. 195, pp. 6-8.
6.
Mao Tse-tung, 'Policy for Work in the Liberated Areas for 1946', (15 Dec. 1945) in Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung, IV, Peking: Foreign Language Press, 1969, pp. 77-8.
7.
See Edward Hammond, 'Marxism and the Mass Line', Modern China, 4(1), Jan. 1978, pp. 3-25.
8.
Mao Tse-tung, 'We Must Learn to do Economic Work', (10 Jan. 1945) in Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung, 111, Peking: Foreign Language Press, 1967, p. 193.
9.
International Labour Organization, 'Labour Insurance in Manchuria', Industry and Labour, 1(8), 15 Apr. 1949, pp. 327-9 and C.Y.W. Meng, 'China's First Labor Insurance Law', China Monthly Review, Jan. 1951.
10.
Ibid.
11.
P.R.C., State Statistical Bureau, Ten Great Years, Pe ing: Foreign Language Press, 1974.
12.
Chao tuo-chun, Economic Planning and Organisation in Mainland China: A Documentary Study (1949-57) 121 Cambridge, Mass.: Centre for East Asian Studies, 1959-60, p. 68.
13.
Ia. M. Berger , 'A Socioeconocic Essay: The Position of the Working People: Socioeconomio Contradictions', in L. P. Delvisin & G. D. Sulcharchuk (eds.), China Today, Moscow: Nauka' Pub. House, 1969, pp. 100-29.
14.
Stanly Karnow , 'Why They Fled: Refugee Accounts', Current Scene, 11 (22), 15 Oct 1963, p. 263.
15.
Jen-min Jih-pao (People's Daily), Peking, 5 May 1956, in Survey of Chinese Mainland Press, 1, 316, 25 June 1956, pp. 6-8.
16.
Jen-min Jih-Puo (People's Daily), Peking, 11 Oct. 1956, in Survey of Chinese Mainland Press, 1,400, 30 Oct. 1956, pp. 4-5.
17.
Livio Maitan , Party, Army and Masses in China, (tr. George Benton and Marie Collitti), London: N.L.B., 1976, p. 167.
18.
'Chinese Trade Unions', in Joint Publications Research Service, 21, 209, 25 Sep. 1963, p. 26.
