Interviews with 44 families in New Zealand who had adopted children from Russia or Romania found that parents’ interest in and children’s exposure to the birth culture were related to the children’s birth culture interest, but less related to their ethnic identification with the birth culture.
Brottveit, Å. ( 1999) ‘Negotiating Ethnic Identities: Intercountry Transracial Adoptees’ Strategies Facing External Categorisation’, in A. Rygvold, M. Dalen and B. Sætersdal (eds) ‘Mine - Yours - Ours and Theirs: Adoption, Changing Kinship and Family Patterns’, Papers of International Conference at Lysebu (6-8 May), pp. 125-33. Oslo: University of Oslo.
2.
Carstens, C. and M. Juliá ( 2000) ‘Ethnoracial Awareness in Intercountry Adoption: US Experiences’, International Social Work43(1): 61-73.
3.
Freundlich, M. ( 2000) Adoption and Ethics: The Role of Race, Culture, and National Origin in Adoption. Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America.
4.
Friedlander, M. ( 1999) ‘Ethnic Identity Development of Internationally Adopted Children and Adolescents: Implications for Family Therapists’ , Journal of Marital and Family Therapy25: 43-60.
5.
Huh, N. and W. Reid ( 2000) ‘Intercountry, Transracial Adoption and Ethnic Identity: A Korean Example’, International Social Work43(1): 75-87.
6.
Irhammar, M. ( 1999) ‘Meaning of Biological and Ethnic Origin in Adoptees Born Abroad’, in A. Rygvold, M. Dalen and B. Sætersdal (eds) ‘Mine - Yours - Ours and Theirs: Adoption, Changing Kinship and Family Patterns’, Papers of International Conference at Lysebu (6-8 May), pp. 172-88. Oslo : University of Oslo.
7.
Irhammar, M. and M. Cederblad ( 2000) ‘Outcome of Intercountry Adoption in Sweden’ , in P. Selman (ed.) Intercountry Adoption: Developments, Trends and Perspectives, pp. 143-63. London : British Agencies for Adoption and Fostering.
8.
McRoy, R. and L. Zurcher ( 1983) Transracial and Inracial Adoptees: The Adolescent Years . Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas .
9.
Phinney, J. ( 1990) ‘Ethnic Identity in Adolescents and Adults: Review of Research’, Psychological Bulletin108: 499-514.
10.
Phinney, J. ( 1992) ‘The Multi Group Ethnic Identity Measure: A New Scale for Use with Diverse Groups’, Journal of Adolescent Research7: 156-76.
11.
Rørbech, M. ( 1991) ‘The Conditions of 18-25 year old Foreign Born Adoptees in Denmark’, in H. Altstein and R.J. Simon (eds) Intercountry Adoption: A Multinational Perspective. New York: Praeger.
12.
Sætersdal, B. and M. Dalen ( 2000) ‘Identity Formation in a Homogeneous Country: Norway’ , in P. Selman (ed.) Intercountry Adoption: Developments, Trends and Perspectives, pp. 164-80. London : British Agencies for Adoption and Fostering.
13.
Scherman, R. and N. Harré ( 2004) ‘Intercountry Adoption of Eastern European Children in New Zealand: Parents’ Attitudes Towards the Importance of Culture’ , Adoption and Fostering28(3): 62-72.
14.
Scherman, R. and N. Harré ( 2008) ‘The Ethnic Identity Development of Eastern European Children Adopted in New Zealand’, Adoption Quarterly11(1): 45-65.
15.
Steward, R. and A. Baden ( 1995) ‘The Cultural-Racial Identity Model: Understanding the Racial Identity and Cultural Identity Development of Transracial Adoptees’, unpublished paper from theCollege of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
16.
Tizard, B. ( 1991) ‘Intercountry Adoption: A Review of the Evidence’ , Journal of Child Psychiatry32(5): 743-56.
17.
Westhues, A. and J. Cohen ( 1998) ‘Ethnic and Racial Identity of Internationally Adopted Adolescents and Young Adults: Some Issues in Relation to Children’s Rights’, Adoption Quarterly1(4): 33-55.
