Women Managers in the Civil Service: The Long Road Towards Equity in Britain

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Behrens, R. (1989) 'Equality of Opportunity in the Civil Service', Public Money and Management (Winter): 43-48.

Bomford, J.M. (1993) That Dangerous Persuasive Woman. Vida Goldstein. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.

Bradbury, J. (1919) Final Report on Organisation and Staffing of Government Offices, Committee on Staffs, Cmnd 62. London: HMSO.

Brimelow, E. (1981) 'Women in the Civil Service', Public Administration 59(Autumn): 313-335.

British Parliamentary Papers (1875-76) First, Second and Third Reports of the Civil Service Inquiry Commission 1875-76 (Playfair Commission). Shannon: Irish University Press Series (1969).

British Parliamentary Papers (1888) Second Report of the Royal Commission on Establishments of the Different Offices of State at Home and Abroad 1888 (Ridley Commission). Shannon: Irish University Press Series (1969).

Burton, C. (1992) 'Finding the Words: Glass Ceiling or Protective Shield?', Women in Leadership Public Lecture Series, Edith Cowan University, November.

Cabinet Office (1984) Equal Opportunities for Women in the Civil Service: Programme of Action. London: Management and Personnel Office.

Cabinet Office (1992) Programme for Action to Achieve Equality of Opportunity for Women in the Civil Service. London: Personnel Management and Equal Opponunities Division.

10.

Cabinet Office (1993) Equal Opportunities for Women in the Civil Service: Progress Report 1992-1993. London: Office of Public Service and Science.

11.

Cabinet Office (1995) Equal Opportunities for Women in the Civil Service: 10 Years Progress Report 1984-1994. London: Equal Opportunities Division.

12.

Cohen, E.W. (1965) The Growth of the British Civil Service 1780-1939. London: Frank Cass.

13.

Finer, S.E. (1970) 'Patronage and the Public Service: Jeffersonian Bureaucracy and the British Tradition', in A.J. Heidenheimer (ed.), Political Corruption. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.

14.

Fogarty, M. , Allen, A.T. , Allen, I. and Walti, P. (1971) Women in Top Jobs: Four Studies in Achievement. London: George Allen and Unwin.

15.

Forbes, I. (1989) 'Unequal Partners: The Implementation of Equal Opportunities Policies in Western Europe', Public Administration 67(Spring): 19-38.

16.

Ford, P. and Ford, G. (1951) A Breviate of Parliamentary Papers 1917-1939. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

17.

Gladden, E.N. (1967) Civil Services of the United Kingdom 1855-1970. London: Frank Cass.

18.

Gladstone (1919) Final Report of the Committee on Recruitment After the War. Civil Service, Cmnd 164. London: HMSO.

19.

Government of Britain (1994) 'The Civil Service: Continuity and Change'. White Paper (July) Cmnd 2627. London: HMSO.

20.

Government of Britain (1995) Taking Forward Continuity and Change. (January) Cmnd 2748. London: HMSO.

21.

Government Statistical Service (1994) Civil Service Statistics 1994 Edition. London: HMSO.

22.

Harding, N. (1989) 'Equal Opportunities for Women in the NHS: The Prospects for Success?', Public Administration 67(Spring): 51-63.

23.

Hede, A.J. (1991) 'Trends in the Higher Civil Services of Anglo-American Systems', Governance: International Journal of Policy and Administration 4(4): 489-510.

24.

Hede, A.J. (1994) 'The "Glass Ceiling" Metaphor: Towards a Theory of Managerial Inequity', Canberra Bulletin of Public Administration 76(April): 79-85.

25.

Hede, A.J. and Ralston, D. (1993) 'Managerial Career Progression and Aspiration: Evidence of a "Glass Ceiling"?', International Journal of Employment Studies 1(2): 253-282.

26.

Hennessy, P. (1990) Whitehall. London: Fontana Press.

27.

Holcombe, L. (1973) Victorian Ladies at Work: Middle-Class Working Women in England and Wales 1850-1914. Hamden: Archon Books.

28.

House of Commons (1910) 'Civil Service (Women)', Bills - Public 1, 14 March.

29.

House of Commons (1911) 'Civil Service (Women)', Bills Public 1, 3 April.

30.

House of Commons (1912) Parliamentary Debates 35, 4-22 March.

31.

House of Commons (1912-13) 'Civil Service (Women)', Bills Public 1, 7 March.

32.

Jowell, J. (1978) 'The Enforcement of Laws Against Sex Discrimination in England: Problems of Institutional Design', in R.S. Ratner (ed.), Equal Employment Policy for Women. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

33.

Kemp-Jones, E.M. (1971) The Employment of Women in the Civil Service: The Report of a Departmental Committee. London: HMSO.

34.

Korabik, K. and Ayman, R. (1989) 'Should Women Managers Have to Act Like Men?', Journal of Management Development 8(6): 23-32.

35.

Lovenduski, J. (1989) 'Implementing Equal Opportunities in the 1980s: An Overview', Public Administration 67(Spring): 7-18.

36.

Lynn, J. and Jay, A. (1981) The Complete Yes Minister. London: BBC Books.

37.

MacDonnell (1912) First Report of the Royal Commission on the Civil Service 1912 (MacDonnell Commission), Cmnd 6209. London: HMSO.

38.

MacDonnell (1914) Fourth Report of the Royal Commission on the Civil Service 1912 (MacDonnell Commission), Cmnd 7338. London: HMSO.

39.

Martindale, H. (1938) Women Servants of the State 1870-1938: A History of Women in the Civil Service. London: George Allen and Unwin.

40.

Morrison, A.M. , White, R.P. and Van Velsor, E. (1987) Breaking the Glass Ceiling. Reading: Addison-Wesley.

41.

Nandy, D. (1978) 'Administering Anti-discrimination Legislation in Great Britain', in R.S. Ratner (ed.), Equal Employment Policy for Women. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

42.

O'Donnell, C. (1984) 'Major Theories of the Labour Market and Women's Place Within It', Journal of Industrial Relations 26(2): 147-165.

43.

Powell, G.N. (1990) 'One More Time: Do Female and Male Managers Differ?', Academy of Management Executive 4(3): 68-75.

44.

Randell, S. (1994) 'The Glass Ceiling: Six Strategies', Canberra Bulletin of Public Administration 76(April): 128-130.

45.

Schneider, P.A.D. (1993) 'Search for a Glass Ceiling', Public Manager 22(1): 38-40.

46.

Schwartz, M.K. (1993) 'A Blueprint for Breaking the Glass Ceiling', Humnan Resources Professional 5(3): 13-15.

47.

Streatfeild, L. (1919) Report of the Sub-Committee on Women Holding Temporary Appointments in Government Departments. Women's Advisory Committee, Ministry of Reconstruction, Cmnd 199. London: HMSO.

48.

Summers, A. (1994) 'The Importance of Naming', Canberra Bulletin of Public Administration 76(April): 48-53.

49.

Tomlin (1931) Report of the Royal Commission on the Civil Service 1929-1931 (Tomlin Commission), Cmnd 3909. London: HMSO.

50.

Tummala, K. (ed.) (1989) Equity in Public Employment Across Nations. New York: University Press of America.

51.

Walby, S. (1986) Patriarchy at Work: Patriarchal and Capitalist Relations in Employment. Cambridge: Polity Press.

52.

Watson, S. (1992) Is Sir Humphrey Dead? The Changing Culture of the Civil Service. University of Bristol: SAUS Publications.

53.

Zimmeck, M. (1986) 'Jobs For the Girls: The Expansion of Clerical Work for Women 1850-1914', in A.V. John (ed.), Unequal Opportunities: Women's Employment in England 1800-1918. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.