The Crisis in Adoption

Transracial adoption refers to children being adopted by parents of a different racial origin. In the U.K. it refers to white families adopting black children.

Gill O. and Jackson B. (1983) Adoption and Race. Black, Asian and Mixed Race Children in White Families, Batsford Academic and Educational Ltd.

Gill O. and Jackson B. (1983) Op. Cit PP. 139.

Small J.W. New Black Families BAAF (1982) Vol 6 No.3. New Black Families Research Report - coming.

Soul Kids Campaign: Association of British Adoption and Fostering Agencies, 1976.

New Black Families is the first and only black adoption agency in the U.K. It is staffed by black workers to recruit black adoptive and foster homes for black children.

Lois Raynor. Adoption of Non-White Children. National Institute for Social Work Training . Allen and Unwin Ltd (1970). Adopting a Black Child. BAAF Autumn 1975 — Inter — Racial Adoption BAAF 1976.

Gill O. & Jackson B. Op. Cit. pp. 132 -137.

Gill O. & Jackson B. Op. Cit. pp. 136.

Lander, Joyce. Mixed Families. Garden City N.Y. Anchor Press - Duble-day (1977).

Gill O. & Jackson B. Op. Cit. Gally G. (1963) 'Inter-racial Adoption' , Canadian Welfare 39, pp. 284-50. Fricke H. (1965) International Adoption 'The Little Revolution Social Work, 10, pp. 92-7.

Roskes, E. (1963) "An Exploratory Study of the Characteristic of Adoptive Parents of Mixed Race Children in the Montreal Area' thesis, submitted to the Institute of Psychology, University of Montreal.

By 'black parents' is meant parents of African or Afro-Caribbean origin.

By 'Mixed Parentage' is meant a child who has one parent who is Anglo-Saxon in origin. The concept 'mixed race' is often used to describe these children but it is discarded because it has racist assumptions. The former concept does not have that element and would apply to a child of any inter-racial mixture.

This argument is always used to validate transracial placements. Evidence is now available to show that agencies are not recruiting black families to reduce the necessity for such placements.

Bagley C. and Young L. Policy Dilemmas and the Adoption of Black Children. In Cheetham J. (1982) pp. 83-97.

Social Work and Ethnicity - National Institute of Social Work - Social Services Library No.43.

Gill O. and Jackson B. Op. Cit.

Fanon F. 1968. Black Skin, White Masks. McGibbon & Kee, London.

Lander J. Op. Cit.

Kirk H.D. (1964) Shared Fate. New York The Free Press.

Brill A.A. Introduction to the basic writings of Sigmund Freud. New York Modern Library 1938. pp. 12-13.

Freud Sigmund . The Ego and the ID. pp. 44-45 London Hogarth Press 1947.

Freud Sigmund . Op. Cit. pp. 47.

Freud Sigmund . Op. Cit pp. 49.

Freud Anna. The Ego and the Mechanism of Defence. pp. 121-40. London Hogarth Press 1948.

Gill O. & Jackson B. Op. Cit. pp. 130. Bagley C. Op. Cit. pp.

Small J.W. Black Children in Care: 'Transracial Placements: In Good Practice Guide for Working with Black Families and Black Children in Care. Lambeth Social Services (1982) unpublished.