For the purpose of measuring the degree of depression among drug addicts in Iran, the Beck Depression Inventory was administered to 50 addicts, 46 depressed non-addicts, and 48 normal controls.
Statistical comparison of the BDI for the three groups yielded a significant difference between the addicts and the controls, whereas the difference between the addicts and the depressed non-addicts was not significant; this indicates that depression is one of the clinical symptoms of drug addiction in Iran.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Beck, A.T. et al. Beck Depression Inventory, Arch. Gen.psychiat. , 4:561-571, 1961. Coleman, J.G.Abnormal psychology and Modern Life (3rd Edition). Scott, Foresmen and company, Glenview, Illinois, 1964.
2.
De Ropp, R.S.Drugs and Mind. Grove press, Ince. New York, 1961.
3.
Fort, J. P. Je.Heroin addiction Among Young Men, Psychiatry, vol. 1. 251-259, 1954.
4.
Glever, On the Etiology of Drug Addiction, International J. Psychoanal., 13: 298-308, 1932. Isbell, II, Medical Aspects of Opiate Addiction, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine , Vol. 31, 886-901.
5.
Karpman, B.The Myth of Psychopathic Personality, Amer. J. Psychiatry104, 525-534, 1948. Landis, P.H.Social Problems in National and World. J. B. Lippincott company, New York, 1959.
6.
Newparast, Nader.An Exploratory Study on the Personality of Iranian Addicts by Means of Sacks Sentence Completion Test, Unpublished Paper, Department of Psychiatry, University of Tehran, 1973.
7.
Nowparast, Nader, The Use of Beck Depression Inventory in Differentiating the Depressed Patients in Iran. Unpublished Paper, Department of Psychiatry, University of Tehran, 1972. O'Donnell, J. A. and Ball, J. C. (Editors). Narcotic Addiction. Harper and Row publishers, Inc., New York, 1969.
8.
Okhovat, V. and Nowparast, N.The Relationship Between the M.M.P.I. Depression Scale and B.D.I, In Press.
9.
Pittman, D. J. (editor). Alcoholism. Harper and Row, Publishers, Inco., New York, 1969. Podolsky, E. (editor). Encyclopedia of Aberrations. TheCitadel Press, New York, 1965.
10.
Priest, R.G.Methaqualone Addiction and Delirium Tremens. British Medical Journal. 5.92-93, 1967.
11.
Rado, S.the Psychoanalysis of Pharmacothymea (Drug Addiction)Psychoanalytic Quart. 2:1023, 1933.
12.
Vahebzadeh, H.A Study on the Diagnostic Validity of B.D.I. a sample of Depressed patients In Iran. Unpublished Dissertation for Specialization in Psychiatry, School of Medicine. The University of Tehran, 1974.
13.
Wilker, A. and Rasor, R.W.Psychiatric Aspects of Drug Addiction, Amer. J. Med. , 14: 566-570, 1953.