This paper examines the process of national identity formation among ethnic minorities in the Crimea—specifically, the moderation effects of national identity building on interrelations between conflict indicators and readiness for conflict or compromise for two ethnic minorities in Crimea. Based on a survey in the Crimea, results show that national identity moderates the effects of ethnic identity, ethnocentrism, economic deprivation, and majority/minority position on individual and group conflict behavior and such effects differ between two ethnic groups, namely Russians and Crimean Tatars. For both groups the strongest moderation effect was found for ethnocentrism and ethnic identity.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Azar, Edward . 1990. The Management of Protracted Social Conflict. Hampshire, UK: Dartmouth .
2.
Azar, Edward and John W. Burton . 1986. International Conflict Resolution: Theory andPractice. Boulder, CO.: Lynne Rienner .
3.
Berry, J. , U. Kim , S. Power , M. Young , and M. Bujaki . 1989. “Acculturation Attitudes in Plural Societies” , Applied Psychology38: 185–206 .
4.
Branscombe, N. and D. Wann . 1994. “Collective Self-Esteem Consequences of Outgroup Derogation when a Valued Social Identity is on Trial” , European Journal of Social Psychology24: 641–657 .
5.
Brewer, M.1991. “The Social Self: Being Same and Different at the Same Time” , Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin17: 475–482 .
6.
Brewer, M.1996. “When Contact is Not Enough: Social Identity and Intergroup Cooperation” , International Journal of Intercultural Relations20: 291–303 .
7.
Brewer, M.B. and J.G. Weber . 1994. “Self-Evaluation Effects of Interpersonal versus Intergroup Social Comparison” , Journal of Personality and Social Psychology66: 268–275 .
8.
Brubaker, R.1996. Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in theNew Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
9.
Burton, J.W.1987. Resolving Deep-Rooted Conflict: A Handbook. Lanham, MD: University Press of America .
10.
Burton, J.W.1990. Conflict: Resolution and Prevention. New York: St Martin’s Press .
11.
Conover, P.J.1988. “The Role of Social Groups in Political Thinking” , British Journal of Political Science18: 51–76 .
12.
Crocker, J. and R. Luhtanen . 1990. “Collective Self-Esteem and Ingroup Bias” , Journal of Personality and Social Psychology58: 60–67 .
13.
Ellemers, N. , P. Kortekaas , and J.W. Ouwerkerk . 1999. “Perceived Intragroup Variability as a Function of Group Status and Identification” , Journal of Experimental Social Psychology31: 410–436 .
14.
Fearon, James D.1998. “Commitment Problems and the Spread of Ethnic Conflict.” pp. 107–127 in The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict: Fear, Diffusion, and Escalation,edited by David Lake and Donald Rothchild . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press .
Gaertner, S.L. , J.F. Dovidio , M. Houlette , K.M. Johnson , and E.A. McGlynn . 2000. “Reducing Intergroup Conflict: From Superordinate Goals to Decategorisation, Recategorization, and Mutual Differentiation” , Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice4: 98–114 .
17.
Gaertner, S.L. , J.F. Dovidio , J.A. Nier , C.M. Ward , and B.S. Banker . 1999. “Across Cultural Divides: The Value of a Superordinate Identity”. pp. 173–212 in Cultural Divides: Understanding and Overcoming Group Conflict,edited by D. Prentice and D. Miller . New York: Sage .
18.
Gerard, H. and M.F. Hoyt . 1974. “Distinctiveness of Social Categorization and Attitude Toward Ingroup Members” , Journal of Personality and Social Psychology29: 836–842 .
19.
Grant, P. and P. Brown . 1995. “From Ethnocentrism to Collective Protest: Responses to Relative Deprivation and Threats to Social Identity” , Social Psychology Quarterly58: 195–211 .
20.
Gurr, T.R.1993. Minorities at Risk: A Global View of Ethnopolitical Conflict. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace .
21.
Herman, S.1977. Jewish Identity: A Social Psychological Perspective. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage .
22.
Hewstone, M.1990. “The Ultimate Attribution Error? A Review of the Literature on Intergroup Causal Attribution” , European Journal of Social Psychology20: 311–335 .
23.
Kelman, H.C.1997. “Nationalism, Patriotism, and National Identity: Social-Psychological Dimensions.” In Patriotism in the Lives of Individuals and Nations,edited by D. Bar-Tal and E. Staub . Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall .
24.
Korostelina, K.2000a“Peace Building in Multiethnic Crimea” , Give and Take: AJournal on Civil Society in Eurasia3: 26–27 .
25.
Korostelina, K.2000b. “The Social-Psychological Roots of the Ethnic Problems in Crimea” , Democratizatsiya8: 219–231 .
26.
Korostelina, K.2003. “The Multiethnic State-Building Dilemma: National and Ethnic Minorities’ Identities in the Crimea” , National Identities5(2): 141–159 .
27.
Lake, David and Donald Rothchild , eds. 1998. The International Spread of EthnicConflict: Fear, Diffusion, and Escalation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press .
28.
Miller, A.H. , P. Gurin , G. Gurin , and O. Malanchuk . 1981. “Group Consciousness and Political Participation” , American Journal of Political Science25: 495–511 .
29.
Mullen, B. , R. Brown and Smith . 1992. “Ingroup Bias as Function of Salience, Relevance, and Status: An Integration” , European Journal of Social Psychology22: 103–122 .
30.
Pettigrew, T.F.1979. “The Ultimate Attribution Error: Extending Allport’s Cognitive Analysis of Prejudice” , Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin5: 461–476 .
31.
Phinney, J.1991. “Ethnic Identity and Self-Esteem: A Review and Integration” , Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Science13: 193–208 .
32.
Rothmans, J.1997. Resolving Identity-Based Conflict in Nations, Organizations, andCommunities. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass .
33.
Sachdev, I. and R.Y. Bourhis . 1984. ‘’Minimal Majorities and Minorities” , EuropeanJournal of Social Psychology14: 35–52 .
34.
Simon, B. and D. Hamilton . 1994. ‘’Self-Stereotyping and Social Context: The Effects of Relative Ingroup Size and Ingroup Status” , Journal of Personality and Social Psychology66: 699–711 .
35.
Van Evera, Stephen . 1995. “Nationalism and the Causes of War,” in Charles A. Kupchan , ed., Nationalism and Nationalities in the New Europe. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press .
