Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Vehicle design to avoid accidents involves attention to driver information and fatigue and to vehicle characteristics. Limitations on design accrue from the requirements of technology, styling, economics and legislation. The interplay of these groups is discussed in relation to specific examples.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Beermann

H. J.

‘Experimental investigations of motor-vehicle design and steering characteristics’, Dr. KraftfForsch. 1971 (No. 209) (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/8/8).

Bidwell

J. E.

‘State-of-the-art vehicle control and handling’,^* S.A.E. Paper 700366 1970 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/7/3).

Fiala

‘Direction control of motor vehicles’, Auto-tech. Z. 1970 72 (No. 4), 111–116 (M.I.R.A. Transl. 60/70, Abstr. 70/12/1).

Flanagan

(Tech. Ed.). ‘Data indicate lower steer ratio promotes better emergency action’, S.A.E. Jl 1971 79, 30–32 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/6/4).

Hales

F. D.

‘Vehicle handling qualities’, Proc. Instn mech. Engrs 1969–70 184 (Pt 2A), 233 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/6/1).

Abstracts 69/10/1, 69/11/7 and 69/12/3 give details of primary–safety features in the American ‘safety car’ designs of American Machine and Foundry, Digitek and Fairchild Hiller.

Abstracts 61/3/4, 71/3/53 and 71/3/54 discuss handling criteria and test methods.

Allbert

B. J.

‘Tires and hydroplaning’, S.A.E. Paper 680140 1968 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 68/5/17).

Bandel

, Celeri

, Chiesa

and Mazza

‘The tyre as a link between the vehicle and the road’,^*

Proc. Instn mech. Engrs 1969–70 184 (Pt 31), 762–778 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/7/24).

10.

Gengenbach

and Weber

‘The influence of road surface, speed and tyre-tread depth on the adhesion under wet conditions’, Auto. Industrie 1970 (November), 69–73 (M.I.R.A. Transl. 34/71, Abstr. 71/6/21).

11.

Gough

V. E.

and Allbert

B. J.

‘Tyres and the design of vehicles and roads for safety’, Proc. Instn mech. Engrs 1968–69 183 (Pt 3A), 154–163 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 68/8/26).

12.

‘The vehicle and the wet road surface’, Review Section, Automobile Abstracts 1971 (September), 3–4.

13.

Weber

‘The adhesion of vehicle tyres on icy surfaces’, Auto. Industrie 1971 (September), 52–60 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/11/35).

14.

Braess

H. H.

‘Investigation of the behaviour of the vehicle/driver system in side-winds’, Dt. Kraftf Forsch 1970 (No. 206) (M.I.R.A. Transl. 24/71, Abstr. 71/5/15).

15.

Goetz

‘The influence of wind tunnel tests on body design, ventilation and surface deposits of sedans and sports cars’, S.A.E. Paper 710212 1971 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/3/2).

16.

Mitschke

‘Driver–vehicle–wind–gust’, Auto.-tech. Z. 1969 71 (October), 347–351 (M.I.R.A. Transl. 12/70, Abstr. 69/12/6).

17.

Schenkel

F. K.

‘A review of the state of the art of automobile aerodynamic research’,^*

Cornell Aero. Lab. 1969 (December).

18.

‘Suction traction’, Motor 1971 (No. 3587), 28–32.

19.

Commercial Motor 1969 (18th April and 24th October).

20.

Isermann

‘Overturning limits of articulated vehicles with solid and liquid load’, Dt. KraftfForsch. 1970 (No. 200) (M.I.R.A. Transl. 58/70, Abstr. 70/11/10).

21.

Leyland Journal 1970 (September/October) (considered unreliable).

22.

Auto. Engr (1963 (International Design Review Issues).

23.

Flanagan

(Tech. Ed.). ‘Some brakes are too sensitive according to performance tests’, S.A.E. Jl 1971 79 (May), 31–35 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/7/31).

24.

Hirschberger

‘Evaluation of results of braking tests relating to the inequality between left and right wheels of motor vehicles’, Dt. KraftfForsch. 1971 (No. 212) (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/10/37).

25.

Meyer

P. W.

‘Brake fluids and brake fluid specifications in Europe’, S.A.E. Paper 710252 1971 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/5/44).

26.

Mitschke

and Bisimis

E. E.

‘Failure of dual-circuit brake systems’, Dt. KraftfForsch. 1971 (No. 211) (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/10/36).

27.

Mortimer

R. G.

‘Brake force requirement study: driver/vehicle braking performance as a function of brake system design variables’, H.S.R.I. Rept. HuF-6 1970 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/1/25).

28.

Murphy

R. W.

, Limpert

and Segel

‘Development of braking performance requirements for buses, trucks, and tractor-trailers’, S.A.E. Paper 710046 1971 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/6/12).

29.

Odier

‘State-of-the-art vehicle control and road holding’,^* S.A.E. Paper 700366 1970 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/7/3).

30.

Odier

‘State-of-the-art road holding: braking and traction’,^* S.A.E. Paper 700375 1970 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/7/4).

31.

Puleo

‘Automatic braking proportioning devices’, S.A.E. Paper 700375 1970 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/9/15).

32.

Radlinski

R. W.

, Forthofer

R. J.

and Harvey

J. L.

‘Operating performance of motor vehicle braking systems as affected by fluid water content’, S.A.E. Paper 710253 1971 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/4/51).

33.

Robinson

M. S.

‘Anti-locking brake systems for road vehicles: a survey of the state of development in September, 1971’, M.I.R.A. Bull. 1971 (No. 4), 9–18.

34.

Vallin

E. G.

‘Legislative effect on brake design’, S.A.E. Paper 680071 1968 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 68/4/20).

35.

Dugoff

and Murphy

R. W.

‘The dynamic performance of articulated highway vehicles: a review of the state-of-the-art’,^* S.A.E. Paper 710223 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/4/5).

36.

M.I.R.A. Rept 1966/3.

37.

Lister

R. D.

, Kemp

R. N.

and Alexander

A. L.

Rd Res. Lab. Note LN 137 (braking performance of Ferguson P99 car).

38.

Motor 1968 (No. 3432).

39.

Autocar 1968 128 (No. 3763).

40.

(road tests of Jensen FF).

41.

Forbes

L. M.

‘Geometric vision requirements in the driving task’, S.A.E. Paper 700395 1970 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/8/44).

42.

Kelley

C. R.

‘Automotive rear vision’, S.A.E. Paper 700396 1970 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/9/6).

43.

McFarland

R. A.

and Moore

R. C.

‘State-of-the-art ergonomics and motor-vehicle safety’,^* S.A.E. Paper 700362 1970 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/8/2).

44.

Noisten

‘Investigation of various designs for anti-collision devices on road vehicles’, Dt. KraftfForsch. 1971 (No. 215) (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/12/2).

45.

‘Some optical aspects of driving’, Auto. Abstr., Review Section, 1971 (July).

46.

Yamanaka

and Kobayashi

‘Dynamic visibility of motor vehicles’, S.A.E. Paper 700393 1970 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/9/5).

47.

Cunningham

D. M.

‘Windscreen wiper system design’, S.A.E. Paper 710255 1971 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/4/13).

48.

Seidler

H. G.

‘Electronic wiper timing devices’, S.A.E. Paper 710260 1971 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/6/23).

49.

Allen

M. J.

‘Automobile windscreen, surface deterioration’, S.A.E. Paper 700479 1970 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/8/10).

50.

Kay

S. E.

‘Windscreens of the future’,^*

Proc. Instn mech. Engrs 1969–70 184 (Pt 3M), 44 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/8/9).

51.

Kamm

I. O.

and Wray

G. A.

‘Suppression of water-spray on wet roads’,^* S.A.E. Paper 710120 1971 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/4/17).

52.

Maycock

‘The problem of water thrown up by vehicles’, Rd Res. Lab. Rept 1966 (No. 4).

53.

Bol

and Decker

H. J.

‘Improvement of motor-vehicle rear lighting’, Dt. KraftfForsch. 1971 (No. 216) (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/12/42).

54.

Cibie

‘Motor vehicle lighting and self-levelling devices for headlamps’, S.A.E. Paper 700389 1970 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/7/26).

55.

Devaux

‘State-of-the-art signalling and lighting’,^* S.A.E. Paper 700386 1970 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/7/25).

56.

Linda

‘Headlights for automobiles’, S.A.E. Paper 700087 1970 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/5/40).

57.

Mortimer

R. G.

‘Psychological research in automobile rear lighting’, S.A.E. Paper 700388 1970 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/7/27).

58.

Oyler

R. W.

, Dumville

A. C.

and Murphy

J. W.

‘Vehicle lighting’, G.M. Safety Seminar Proc. 1968 Paper 28 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 69/2/30).

59.

Rutley

K. S.

and Mace

D. W. G.

‘An evaluation of a brake-light display which indicates the severity of braking’, Rd Res. Lab. Rept LR 287 1969 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/6/28).

60.

Yerrell

J. S.

‘The performance of two self-levelling headlamp systems’, Rd Res. Lab. Rept LR 378 1971.

61.

Brinkmann

‘Reliability of steel disc-wheels’, Auto-tech. Z. 1970 72, 364–366 (M.I.R.A. Transl. 8/71, Abstr. 71/2/32).

62.

Burckhardt

and Kruse

‘Aspects of dual-circuit braking systems’, Auto-tech. Z. 1969 71, 231–238 (M.I.R.A. Transl. 2/70, Abstr. 70/1/23).

63.

‘Corrosion of motor vehicles by de-icing salt—results of a survey’, Rd Res. Lab. Rept LR 232 1968 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 69/6/10). (Estimates of cost of damage to vehicles caused by corrosion by road salt.)

64.

Dolan

T. J.

‘Product liability and material failures’, S.A.E. Paper 710710 1971 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/11/43).

65.

‘Effects of steering and suspension component degradation in automobile stability and control’, Cornell Aero. Lab. Rept 1971 YC 2878 Kl–6, January.

66.

Imgram

A. G.

and Miner

D. K.

‘Hydraulic brake line corrosion; an initial investigation of the problem’, S.A.E. Paper 690530 1969 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 69/8/19).

67.

“‘Light wheels“—are they safe?’

Quattroruote 1970 15, 116–123 (M.I.R.A. Transl. 29/70, Abstr. 70/6/25).

68.

Linder

‘A review of the corrosion resistance of metallic materials for brake pipes’, Steed. Corros. Inst. Rept 1970. (M.I.R.A. Transl. available.)

69.

Linder

‘Brake line tubing’, Auto Engr 1971 61, 14–17.

70.

M.I.R.A. Rept 1955/7 (stub axles). M.IRA. Rept 1969/2 (silencer corrosion).

71.

M.I.R.A. Repts 1963/3, 1963/11, 1965/5, 1965/18 (underbody corrosion).

72.

‘Relationship between vehicle defects and vehicle crashes’, Stanford Res. Inst. Rept 1970 (PB 195895–9).

73.

‘Weak points of cars’,^*

Svensk Bilprovning AB (Annual reports of results of Swedish road-worthiness tests).

74.

Barth

‘Investigations concerning the carbon monoxide content of the air in motor vehicles’, Dt. KraftfForsch. 1968 (No. 142) (M.I.R.A. Transl. 13/60, Abstr. 61/5/49).

75.

Brice

R. M.

and Roesler

J. F.

‘The exposure to carbon monoxide of occupants of vehicles moving in heavy traffic’, A.P.C.A. News 1966 16, 597–600 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 67/2/7).

76.

Frank

‘Heating and ventilating of motor vehicles’, Auto-tech. Z. 1971 73, 369–376 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/12/7).

77.

Goetz

‘The influence of wind tunnel tests on body design. Ventilation and surface deposits of sedans and sports cars’,^* S.A.E. Paper 710212 1971 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/3/2).

78.

Kikuchi

‘Motor-vehicle heating from the health point of view with particular reference to moisture effects’, 11th F.I.S.I.T.A. Congr. 1966 Paper C7 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 66/9/6) (Humidifiers and dust filters for heater systems).

79.

Stoltz

‘Present-day requirements in car heating, ventilating, de-humidifying and windscreen de-frosting’, Auto-tech. Z. 1970 72, 437–441 (M.I.R.A. Transl. 37/71, Abstr. 71/7/13).

80.

Macmillan

R. H.

, Mills

C. H. G.

and Aspinall

D. T.

‘A survey of the problems of vehicle noise and their possible solution’, 11th F.I.S.I.T.A. Congr. 1966 Paper C10 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 66/7/2).

81.

M.I.R.A. Rept 1970/14.

82.

Stapleford

W. R.

and Carr

G. W.

‘Aerodynamic noise in road vehicles: Part 1’, M.I.R.A. Rept 1971/2.

83.

Waters

P. E.

‘Some aspects of commercial vehicle noise reduction’, Vibration and Noise in Motor Vehicles 1971, 138–146 (Instn Mech. Engrs, London) (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/8/3).

84.

Guignard

J. C.

and Guignard

‘Human response to vibration: a critical survey of published work’, Inst. Sound Vibr. Res. Memo. 373 1970.

85.

M.I.R.A. Repts 1964/10, 1966/11, 1970/12 (ride research).

86.

Mitchke

and Kirschke

‘Investigations on the vibrational behaviour and sensitivity to vibration of motor-vehicles’ occupants and the strains caused by vibration’, Dt. KraftfForsch. 1970 (No. 202) (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/11/8).

87.

Simic

‘Effect of vertical vibration on man’, Auto. Engng Auto. Ind. 1970 (No. 11/12), 610–630 (M.I.R.A. Transl. 54/71, Abstr. 71/11/11).

88.

Simic

‘Effect of pitching vibrations on the human body’, ATA 1971 24, 361–370 (M.I.R.A. Transl. 4/72, Abstr. 72/1/8).

89.

Wittig

‘Ergonomic design of driver and passenger accommodation in road vehicles contributes to road safety’, K.F.T. 1968 (No. 10/68), 291–294, 304 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 69/1/4).

90.

Herrmann

and Lentge

‘Long-term effects on the effect of noise on the drivers of heavy goods vehicles’, Z. ArbMed. ArbSchutz. 1967 17, 73–78 (M.I.R.A. Transl. 55/68, Abstr. 68/11/4).

91.

Mills

C. H. G.

and Aspinall

D. T.

‘Some aspects of commercial vehicle noise’, Appl. Acoustics 1968 1, 47–66.

92.

M.I.R.A. Repts 1969/7, 1969/8, 1969/14 (noise in C.V. cabs and bus passenger compartments).

93.

Protsenko

V. B.

‘Organization of the driver working position taking into account the requirements of the S.E.V.’, Avto. Prom. 1970 (No. 9), 11–12 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/11/2).

94.

'Headlight glare effects on driver fatigue’, SWRI Rept AR-699 (PB 190154) 1969 (September) (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/10/29).

95.

McFarland

R. A.

and Moore

R. C.

‘State-of-the-art ergonomics and vehicle safety’,^* S.A.E. Paper 700362 1970 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/8/2).

96.

Konz

, ‘Human factors considerations for a combined brake–accelerator pedal’, Ergonomics 1971, 279–292 (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 71/9/7).

97.

Woodson

W. E.

, ‘Motor vehicle instrument and control location, accessibility and identification’, Man Factors Inc. Rept 69–106 (PB 188 816) 1969 (July) (M.I.R.A. Abstr. 70/9/7).

Primary Safety: Vehicle Design to Avoid Accidents

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References