Biological Effects of RF and Microwaves

Daily L. (1943), A clinical study of the results of exposure of laboratory personnel to radar and high frequency radio, US Nav Med Bull 41: 1052.

Schwan H.P. Piersol G.M. (1954) The absorption of electromagnetic energy in body tissues: A review and critical analysis, Am J Phys Med 33: 370–404.

Repacholi M. H. (1998) Low-level exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: Health effects and research needs, Bioelectromagnetics 19: 1–19.

McLeod K.J. (1992) Microelectrode measurements of low frequency electric field effects in cells and issues, Bioelectromagnetics, Supplement 1:1–10, 161–178.

Gabriel C. Gabriel S. Corthout E. , 1996a, The Dielectric Properties of Biological Tissues: 1. Literature Survey, Phys. Med. Biol. 41 (11), 2231–2250.

Gabriel S. Lau R. W. Gabriel C. , 1996b, The Dielectric Properties of Biological Tissues: 2. Measurement in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz, Phys. Med. Biol. 41 (11), 2251–2269.

Bernhardt H. (1988) The establishment of frequency dependent limits for electric and magnetic fields and evaluation of indirect effects. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 27, 1–27.

Saunders R.D. Kowalczuk C.I. Siekiewcz Z.J. (1991) Biological effects of exposure to non-ionising fields and radiation: III Radiofrequency and microwave radiation NRPB-R240 (London HMSO).

Polson Heynick L.N. , Overview of the radiofrequency radiation bioeffects database, in Radiofrequency Radiation Standards, Klauenberg B. J. Grandolfo M. Erwin D. N. (Editors), NATO ASI Series, Plenum Press 337–388 (1993).

Bateman J. B. Loewenthal H. Rosenberg H. (1937), Alleged specific effects of high-frequency fields on biological substances: Nature: 140: 1063–1064.

Adey W. R. (1994) A growing scientific consensus on the cell & molecular biology mediating interactions with environmental em fields. BICS International Forum on Electromagnetic Transmissions: London.

Adey W. R. (1996) Bioeffects of mobile communications fields in Mobile Communications Safety: edited by : Kuster N. Balzano Q. Lin J. C. Chapman & Hall.

Adair R. K. (1991) Constrains on biological effects of weak ELF electromagnetic fields, Physical ReviewA: 43 (2), 1039–1048.

Kues H. A. Hirst L.W. Lutty G.A. D'Anna S.A. Dunkelberger G.R. (1985), Effects of 2.45 GHz microwaves on primate corneal endothelium: Bioelectromagnetics 6:2, 177–188.

Kues H. A. Monohan J.C. D'Anna S.A. McLeod D.S. Lutty G.A. Koslov S. (1992) Increased sensitivity of the non-human primate eye to microwave radiation following ophthalmic drug pretreatement. Bioelectromagnetics 13:5, 379–393.

Sarkar S. Ali S. Behari J. , (1994) Effect of low power microwave on the mouse genome: A direct DNA analysis, Mutat Res: 320: 141–147.

Lai H. Singh N.P. , 1995, Acute low-intensity microwave exposure increases DNA single-strand breaks in rats brain cells, Bioelectromagnetics: 16: 207–210.

Lai H. Singh N.P. , 1996, Single–and double-strand DNA breaks in ray brain cells after acute exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation, Int J Radiat Biol., 69, 513–521.

Lai H. Singh N.P. , 1997, Melatonin and a spin-trap compound block radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells., Bioelectromagnetics: 18: 446–454.

Malyapa R.S. Ahern E.W. Straube W.L. Moros E.G. Pickard W.F. Roti J.L. 1997, Measurement of DNA damage by the alkaline comet assay in rat brain cells after in vivo exposure to 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation., E-2 in Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine, Bologna, Italy.

Chou C.-K. Guy A. W. Kunz L. L. Johnson R. B. Crowley J. J. Krupp J. H. , (1992) Long-term, Low-level microwave irradiation of rats. Bioelectromagnetics. 13. 469–96.

Chou C.-K. Clagett J. A. Kunz L. L. Guy A. W. , (1992) Long-term, radiofrequency radiation on immunological competence and metabolism, USAFSAM-TR-85-105, MAY, Brooks AFB, TX 78235.

Repacholi M.H. Bosten A. Gebski V. Noonan D. Finnie J. Harris A.W. , 1997, Lymphomas in Em-Pim1 Transgenic Mice Exposed to pulsed 900 MHz Electromagnetic Fields, Radiation Research, 147, 631–640.

Salford L. Brun A. Sturesson K. Eberhardt J. Prersson B. , 1994, Permeability of the blood-brain barrier induced by 915 Mhz electromagnetic radiation, continuous wave and modulated at 8, 50, and 200 Hz. Microscopy Res Tech, 27, 535–542.