Dry Powder Inhalers

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Timsina MP , Martin GP , Van der Kolk H , Tushulzen E , Enthoben R. The effect of inhalation flow on the performance of a dry powder inhalation system. Int J Pharm 1992;81:199–203.

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Hindle M , Byron PR . Dose emissions from marketed dry powder inhalers. Int J Pharmac 1995;116:169–177.

Kim CS , Garcia L. Delivery characteristics of albuterol powder aerosol by rotahaler. J Aerosol Med 1993;6:199–211.

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Fuller R. The Diskus: a new multi-dose powder device-efficacy and comparison with Turbuhaler. J Aerosol Med 1995;8(Suppl 2):S11–S17.

Olsson B , Asking L , Borgstrom L , Bondesson E. Effect of inlet throat on the correlation between measured fine particle dose and lung deposition. In: Dalby RN , Byron PR , Farr SY , editors. Respiratory drug delivery V. Buffalo Grove IL: Interpharm Press Inc; 1996:273–281.

Zainudin BM , Biddiscombe M , Tolfree SE , Short M , Spiro SG . Comparison of bronchodilator responses and deposition patterns of salbutamol inhaled from a pressurised metered dose inhaler, as a dry powder, and as a nebulised solution. Thorax 1990;45(6):469–473.

Borgstrom L , Newman SP . Total and regional lung deposition of terbutaline sulphate inhaled via a pressurised PMDI or via Turbuhaler. Int J Pharm 1993;97:47–53.

Glaxo Wellcome Inc. Diskhaler product information sheet. Glaxo Wellcome Inc. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

Tukainen H , Terho EO . Comparison of inhaled salbutamol powder and aerosol in asthmatic patients with low peak expiratory flow level. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1985;27(6):645–647.

Golish J , Curtis-McCarthy P , McCarthy K , Kavuru M , Wagner W , Beck G , Eng P. Albuterol delivered by metered-dose inhaler (PMDI), PMDI with spacer, and Rotahaler device: a comparison of efficacy and safety. J Asthma 1998;35(4):373–379.

Borgstrom L , Derom E , Stahl E , Wahlin-Boll E , Pauwels R. The inhalation device influences lung deposition and bronchodilating effect of terbutaline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153(5):1636–1640.

Newman SP , Pavia D , Clarke SW . Simple instructions for using pressurized aerosol bronchodilators. J R Soc Med 1980;73(11):776–779.

Lofdahl CG , Andersson L , Bondesson E , Carlsson LG , Friberg K , Hedner J , et al. Differences in bronchodilating potency of salbutamol in Turbuhaler as compared with a pressurized metered-dose inhaler formulation in patients with reversible airway obstruction. Eur Respir J 1997;10(11):2474–2478.

Boulet LP , Cowie R , Johnston P , Krakovsky D , Mark S. Comparison of Diskus inhaler, a new multidose powder inhaler, with Diskhaler inhaler for the delivery of salmeterol to asthmatic patients. Canadian Study Group. J Asthma 1995;32(6):429–436.

Pauwels RA , Hargreave FE , Camus P , Bukoski M , Stahl E. A 1-year comparison of Turbuhaler vs pressurized metered-dose inhaler in asthmatic patients. Chest 1996;110(1):53–57.

Selroos O , Backman R , Forsen KO , Lofroos AB , Niemisto M , Pietinalho A , et al. Local side effects during 4-year treatment with inhaled corticosteroids: a comparison between pressurized metered-dose inhalers and Turbuhaler. Allergy 1994;49(10):888–890.

Willey RF , Milne LJ , Crompton GK , Grant IW . Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol and oropharyngeal candidiasis. Br J Dis Chest 1976;70(1):32–38.

Barnes PJ , Pedersen S. Efficacy and safety of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Report of a worksohp held in Eze, France, October 1992. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148(4 Pt 2):S1–S26.

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Toogood JH , Jennings B , Baskerville J , Andersson J , Johansson SA . Dosing regimen of budesonide and occurrence of oropharyngeal complications. Eur J Respir Dis 1984;65(1):35–44.

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Kesten S , Elias M , Cartier A , Chapman KR . Patient handling of a multidose dry powder inhalation device for albuterol. Chest 1994;105(4):1077–1081.

Hanania NA , Wittman R , Kesten S , Chapman KR . Medical personnel's knowledge of and ability to use inhaling devices: metered-dose inhalers, spacing chambers, and breath-actuated dry powder inhalers. Chest 1994;105(1):111–116.

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Muittari A , Ahonen A. Comparison of the bronchodilator effect of inhaled salbutamol powder and pressurized salbutamol aerosol. Curr Ther Res 1979;25:804–808.

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Lundback B , Alexander M , Day J , et al. Evaluation of fluticasone propionate (500 microg/day) administered either as dry powder via a Diskhaler inhaler or pressurized inhaler and compared with beclomethasone dipropionate (1000 microg/day) administered by pressurized inhaler. Respir Med 1993;87(8):609–620.

Engel T , Heinig JH , Malling HJ , Scharling B , Nikander K , Madsen F. Clinical comparison of inhaled budesonide delivered either via pressurized metered dose inhaler or Turbuhaler. Allergy 1989;44(3): 220–225.

Nieminen MM , Lahdensuo A. Inhalation treatment with budesonide in asthma: a comparison of Turbuhaler and metered dose inhalation with Nebuhaler. Acta Therapeutica 1995;21:179–192.

Toogood JH , White FA , Baskerville JC , Fraher LJ , Jennings B. Comparison of the antiasthmatic, oropharyngeal, and systemic glucocorticoid effects of budesonide administered through a pressurized aerosol plus spacer or the Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99(2):186–193.

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Crompton GK . Delivery systems. In: Kay AB , editor. Allergy and allergic diseases. London: Blackwell Science; 1997:1440–1450.