GotoT, RobertsJT. The nasal approach to intubation. In: Roberts J, editor. Clinical management of the airway. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1994:173–186.
2.
HauswaldM, SklarDP, TandbergD, GarciaJF. Cervical spine movement during airway management: cinefluoroscopic appraisal in human cadavers. Am J Emerg Med1991;9(6):535–538.
3.
HolleyJ, JordenR.Airway management in patients with unstable cervical spine fractures. Ann Emerg Med1989;18(11):1237–1239.
4.
SudermanVS, CrosbyET, LuiA.Elective oral tracheal intubation in cervical spine-injured adults. Can J Anaesth1991;38(6):785–789.
5.
DubickMN, WrightBD. Comparison of laryngeal pathology following long-term oral and nasal endotracheal intubations. Anesth Analg1978;57(6):663–668.
6.
DepoixJP, MalbezinS, VidecoqM, HazebroucqJ, Barbier-BohmG, GauzitR, DesmontsJM. Oral intubation v. nasal intubation in adult cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth1987;59(2):167–169.
7.
SmithJE, GrewalMS. Cardiovascular effects of nasotracheal intubation. Anaesthesia1991;46(8):683–686.
8.
ArrowsmithJE, RobertshawHJ, BoydJD. Nasotracheal intubation in the presence of frontobasal skull fracture. Can J Anaesth1998;45(1):71–75.
9.
RosenCL, WolfeRE, ChewSE, BranneySW, RoeEJ. Blind nasotracheal intubation in the presence of facial trauma. J Emerg Med1997;15(2):141–145.
10.
BahrW, StollP.Nasal intubation in the presence of frontobasal fractures: a retrospective study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg1992;50(5):445–447.
11.
BolderPM, HealyTE, BolderAR, BeattyPC, KayB.The extra work of breathing through adult endotracheal tubes. Anesth Analg1986;65(8):853–859.
12.
HurfordWE. Orotracheal intubation outside the operating room: anatomic considerations and techniques. Respir Care1999;44(6):615–626.
13.
GrossJB, HartiganML, SchafferDW. A suitable substitute for 4% cocaine before blind nasotracheal intubation: 3% lidocaine-0.25% phenylephrine nasal spray. Anesth Analg1984;63(10):915–918.
14.
ReedDB, ClintonJE. Proper depth of placement of nasotracheal tubes in adults prior to radiographic confirmation. Acad Emerg Med1997;4(12):1111–1114.
15.
HarrisRD, GillettMJ, JosephAP, VinenJD. An aid to blind nasal intubation. J Emerg Med1998;16(1):93–95.
16.
OvassapianA, RandelGI. The role of the fiberscope in the critically ill patient. Crit Care Clin1995;11(1):29–51.
BerryFAJr, BlankenbakerWL, BallCG. Comparison of bacteremia occurring with nasotracheal and orotracheal intubation. Anesth Analg1973;52(6):873–876.
19.
DinnerM, TjeuwM, ArtusioJFJr. Bacteremia as a complication of nasotracheal intubation. Anesth Analg1987;66(5):460–462.
20.
MarlowTJ, GoltraDDJr, SchabelSI. Intracranial placement of a nasotracheal tube after facial fracture: a rare complication. J Emerg Med1997;15(2):187–191.
MichelsonA, SchusterB, KampHD. Paranasal sinusitis associated with nasotracheal and orotracheal long-term intubation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg1992;118(9):937–939.
23.
RoubyJJ, LaurentP, GosnachM, CambauE, LamasG, ZouaouiA, et al. Risk factors and clinical relevance of nosocomial maxillary sinusitis in the critically ill. Am J Respir Crit Care Med1994;150(3):776–783.
DeutschmanCS, WiltonPB, SinowJ, ThienprasitP, KonstantinidesFN, CerraFB. Paranasal sinusitis: a common complication of naso-tracheal intubation in neurosurgical patients. Neurosurgery1985;17(2):296–299.
26.
HolzapfelL, ChevretS, MadinierG, OhenF, DemingeonG, CoupryA, ChaudetM.Influence of long-term oro- or nasotracheal intubation on nosocomial maxillary sinusitis and pneumonia: results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Crit Care Med1993;21(8):1132–1138.
27.
DellingerRP. Airway management and nosocomial infection (editorial). Crit Care Med1993;21(8):1109–1110.
28.
HeffnerJE. Nosocomial sinusitis. Den of multiresistant thieves? (editorial). Am J Respir Crit Care Med1994;150(3):608–609.
29.
SeidenAM. Sinusitis in the critical care patient. New Horiz1993;1(2):261–270.
30.
DeutschmanCS, WiltonP, SinowJ, DibbellDJr, KonstantinidesFN, CerraFB. Paranasal sinusitis associated with nasotracheal intubation: a frequently unrecognized and treatable source of sepsis. Crit Care Med1986;14(2):111–114.
31.
BowersBL, PurdueGF, HuntJL. Paranasal sinusitis in burn patients following nasotracheal intubation. Arch Surg1991;126(11):1411–1412.
32.
BormanKR, BrownPM, MezeraKK, JhaveriH.Occult fever in surgical intensive care unit patients is seldom caused by sinusitis. Am J Surg1992;164(5):412–416.
HoldgaardHO, PedersenJ, SchurizekBA, MelsenNC, JuhlB.Complications and late sequelae following nasotracheal intubation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand1993;37(5):475–480.
35.
CarolineNL. The airway. In: Caroline N, editor. Emergency care in the streets. Boston: Little, Brown and Company; 1994:63–112.