MarksRM, SacharEJ. Undertreatment of medical inpatients with narcotic analgesics. Ann Int Med1973;78(12):173–181.
2.
WeissmanDE. Doctors, opioids, and the law: the effect of controlled substances regulations on cancer pain management (review). Semin Oncol1993;20(2 Suppl 1):53–58.
3.
BernabeiR, GambassiG, LapaneK, LandiF, GatsonisC, DunlopR, Management of pain in elderly patients with cancer. SAGE Study Group. Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Drug Use via Epidemiology. JAMA1998;279(23):1877–1882.
4.
Letter to all 50 state medical boards from the Compassion in Dying Federation, Portland, Oregon, Jan 12, 1998.
PaseroCL, McCafferyM.Avoiding opioid-induced respiratory depression. Am J Nurs1994;94(4):24–30.
7.
SinatraRS. Current methods of controlling post-operative pain (review). Yale J Biol Med1991;64(4):351–374.
8.
ChaneyMA. Side effects of intrathecal and epidural opioids (review). Can J Anaesth1995;42(10):891–903.
9.
BruelleP, FerrerJM, MacheboeufM, RoertC, VielE, EledjamJJ. [The use of opioids by the regional route in obstetrics.]Cah Anesthesiol1991;39(2):97–103.
10.
EgbertAM. Postoperative pain management in the frail elderly (review). Clin Geriatr Med1996;12(3):583–599.
11.
BaileyPL, ClarkNJ, PaceNL, StanleyTH, EastKA, van VreeswijkH, Antagonism of postoperative opioid-induced respiratory depression: nalbuphine versus naloxone. Anesth Analg1987;66(11):1109–1114.
12.
JarvisDA, DuncanSR, SegalIS, MazeM.Ventilatory effects of clonidine alone and in the presence of alfentanil, in human volunteers. Anesthesiology1992;76(6):899–905.
13.
AtchesonR, LambertDG. Update on opioid receptors (editorial). Br J Anaesth1994;73(2):132–134.
14.
FreyeE, LataschL, PortoghesePS. The delta receptor is involved in sufentanil-induced respiratory depression opioid subreceptors mediate different effects. Eur J Anaesthesiol1992;9(6):457–462.
15.
FreyeE, SchnitzlerM, SchenkG.Opioid-induced respiratory depression and analgesia may be mediated by different subreceptors. Pharm Res1991;8(2):196–199.
16.
WilletteRN, DoorleyBM, SapruHN. Activation of cholinergic mechanisms in the medulla oblongata reverse intravenous opioid-induced respiratory depression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther1987;240(1):352–358.
17.
BorgbjergFM, NielsenK, FranksJ.Experimental pain stimulates respiration and attenuates morphine-induced respiratory depression: a controlled study in human volunteers. Pain1996;64(1):123–128.
18.
WatsonWA, SteeleMT, MuellemanRL, RushMD. Opioid toxicity recurrence after an initial response to naloxone. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol1998;36(1-2):11–17.
19.
DiehlDL. Acupuncture's transition to credibility in the United States: the latest chapter. J Altern Complement Med1997;3(4):421–423.