GoldbergJJ, GoreJM, LoveDG, OckeneJK, DalenJE. Layperson CPR–are we training the right people?Ann Emerg Med1984;13(9, Part 1):701–704.
5.
BrennanRT. Student, instructor, and course factors predicting achievement in CPR training classes. Am J Emerg Med1991;9(3):220–224.
6.
PaneGA, SalnessKA. A survey of participants in a mass CPR training course. Ann Emerg Med1987;16(10):1112–1116.
7.
LombardiG, GallagherJ, GennisP.Outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in New York City. The pre-hospital arrest survival evaluation (PHASE) study. JAMA1994;271(9):678–683.
8.
EisenbergMS, HorwoodBT, CumminsRO, Reynolds-HaertleR, HearneTR. Cardiac arrest and resuscitation: A tale of 29 cities. Ann Emerg Med1990;19(2): 179–186.
9.
BeckerLB, OstranderMP, BarrettJ, KondosGT. Survival from cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a large metropolitan area–where are the survivors?Ann Emerg Med1991;20(4):355–361.
10.
LitwinPE, EisenbergMS, HallstromAP, CumminsRO. The location of collapse and its effect on survival from cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med1987;16(7):787–791.
11.
AtkinsJM, ZachariahBS. Location of cardiac arrests: implications for AED placement. Prehospital Disaster Med1996;11 (Suppl):47.
12.
ShotlandRL, HeinoldWD. Bystander response to arterial bleeding: helping skills, the decision-making process, and differentiating the helping response. J Pers Soc Psychol1985;49(2):347–356.
13.
DarleyJM, LatanéB.Bystander intervention in emergencies: diffusion of responsibility. J Pers Soc Psychol1968;8(4): 377–382.
14.
MogielnickiRP, StevensonKA, WillemainTR. Patient and bystander response to medical emergencies. Med Care1975;13(9):753–762.
15.
PiliavinIM, RodinJ.Good samaritanism: an underground phenomenon?J Pers Soc Psychol1969;13(4):289–299.
16.
LataneB, DarleyJM. Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies. J Pers Soc Psychol1968;10(3):215–221.
17.
LataneB, NidaS.Ten years of research on group size and helping. Psychol Bull1981;89:308–324.
18.
PiliavinJA, PiliavinIM. Effect of blood on reactions to a victim. J Pers Soc Psy-chol1972;23:353–361.
19.
ShotlandRL, StebbinsCA. Emergency and cost as determinants of helping behavior and the slow accumulation of social psychological knowledge. Soc Psychol Q1983;46:36–46.
BraslowA, BrennanRT, NewmanMM, BircherNG, BatchellerAM, KayeW.CPR training without an instructor: development and evaluation of a video self-instructional system for effective performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation1997;34(3):207–220.
22.
BrennanRT, BraslowA.Skill mastery in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training classes. Am J Emerg Med1995;13(5):505–508.
23.
BrennanRT, BraslowA.Skill mastery in public cardiopulmonary resuscitation classes. Am J Emerg Med (1998, in press).
24.
van KalmthoutPM, SpethPAJ, RuttenJR, VonkJTC. Evaluation of lay skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Br Heart J1985;53(5):562–566.
25.
MandelLP, CobbLA. Initial and long-term competency of citizens trained in CPR. Emerg Health Services Q1982;1:49.
26.
WikL, SteenPA, BircherNG. Quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation influences outcome after prehospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation1994;28(3):195–203.
27.
LundI, SkulbergA.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by laypeople. Lancet1976;2(7988):702–704.
28.
Van HoeyweghenRJ, BossaertLL, MullieA, CalleP, MartensP, BuylaertWA, DeloozH.Quality and efficiency of bystander CPR. Belgian Cerebral Resuscitation Study Group. Resuscitation1993;26(1):47–52.