Pediatric Application of Noninvasive Ventilation

Hill NS . Noninvasive ventilation: does it work, for whom, and how?Am Rev Respir Dis1993;147(4):1050–1055.

Meyer TJ , Hill NS . Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation to treat respiratory failure. Ann Intern Med1994;120(9):760–770.

Elliott M , Moxham J. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation by nasal or face mask. In: Tobin MJ , editor. Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc, 1994:427–454.

Hill NS . Long-term nasal ventilation (editorial). Thorax1995;50(6):595–596.

Teague WG , Fortenberry JD . Noninvasive ventilatory support in pedi-atric respiratory failure. Respir Care1995;40(1):86–96.

Wheeler WB , Maguire EL , Kurachek SC , Lobas JG , Fugate JH , McNa-mara JJ . Chronic respiratory failure of infancy and childhood: clin-ical outcomes based on underlying etiology. Pediatr Pulmonol1994;17(1):1–5.

Udwadia ZF , Santis GK , Steven MH , Simonds AK . Nasal ventila-tion to facilitate weaning in patients with chronic respiratory insuf-ficiency. Thorax1992;47(9):715–718.

Khan Y , Manzur AY , Hasson N , Heckmatt JZ , Dubowitz V. Effect of nasal ventilation on nocturnal hypoxaemia in neuromuscular patients (abstract). Am Rev Respir Dis1992;145:863A.

Marcus CL , Omlin KJ , Basinki DJ , Bailey SL , Rachal AB , Von Pech-mann WS , et al. Normal polysomnographic values for children and adolescents. Am Rev Respir Dis1992;146(5, Part 1):1235–1239.

American Thoracic Society. Indications and standards for use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in sleep apnea syndromes. American Thoracic Society Official Statement adopted March 1944. Am J Respir Crit Care Med1994;150(6, Part 1):1738–1745. See the published erratum Am J Respir Crit Care Med1995;151(2, Part 1):578.

Rosen CL , D'Andrea L , Haddad GG . Adult criteria for obstructive sleep apnea do not identify children with serious obstruction. Am Rev Respir Dis1992;146(5, Part 1):1231–1234.

Guilleminault C , Nino-Murcia G , Heldt G , Baldwin R , Hutchinson D. Alternative treatment to tracheostomy in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: nasal continuous positive airway pressure in young chil-dren. Pediatr1986;78(5):797–802.

Waters KA , Everett FM , Bruderer JW , Sullivan CE . Obstructive sleep apnea: the use of nasal CPAP in 80 children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med1995;152(2):780–785.

Waters K , Everett F , Harris MA , Sullivan CE . Use of nasal mask CPAP instead of tracheostomy for palliative care in two children. J Paediatr Child Health1994;30(2):179–181.

Grunstein RR . Sleep-related breathing disorders. 5. Nasal continu-ous positive airway pressure treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. Thorax1995;50:1106–1113.

Marcus CL , Ward SL , Mallory GB , Rosen CL , Beckerman RC , Weese-Mayer DE , et al. Use of nasal continuous positive airway pres-sure as treatment of childhood obstructive sleep apnea. J Pediatr1995;127(1):88–94.

Piper AJ , Sullivan CE . Effects of short-term NIPPV in the treatment of patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea and hypercapnia. Chest1994;105(2):434–440.

Douglas NJ , Polo O. Pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea/hypop-nea syndrome. Lancet1994;344(8923):653–655.

Sanders MH , Kern N. Obstructive sleep apnea treated by indepen-dently adjusted inspiratory and expiratory positive airway pressures via nasal mask. Physiologic and clinical implications. Chest1990;98(2):317–324.

Strumpf DA , Carlisle CC , Millman RP , Smith KW , Hill NS . An eval-uation of the Respironics BiPAP bi-level CPAP device for delivery of assisted ventilation. Respir Care1990;35(5):415–422.

Teague WG , Kervin L , Dawadkar V , Scott P. Nasal bi-level posi-tive airway pressure acutely improves ventilation and oxygen sat-uration in children with upper airway obstruction (abstract). Am Rev Respir Dis1991;143(4, Part 2):505A.

Geller DE , Foster JT , Wilcox JC , Howenstine MS . Bi-Level CPAP (BL-CPAP) can ameliorate respiratory sleep disturbances in children (abstract). Am Rev Respir Dis1991;143(4, Part 2):587A.

Rosen GM , Muckle RP , Mahowald MW , Goding GS , Ullevig C. Post-operative respiratory compromise in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: can it be anticipated?Pediatrics1994;93(5):784–788.

Levy AM , Tabakin BS , Hanson JS , Narkewicz RM . Hypertrophied adenoids causing pulmonary hypertension and severe congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med1967;277(10):506–511.

Burstein F , Cohen S , Scott P , Teague W , Montgomery G , Kattos A. Surgical therapy for severe refractory sleep apnea in infants and chil-dren: application of the airway zone concept. Plast Reconstr Surg1995;96:34–41.

Nielson DW , Black PG . Mask ventilation in congenital central alve-olar hypoventilation syndrome. Pediatr Pulmonol1990;9(1):44–45.

Ellis ER , McCauley VB , Mellis C , Sullivan CE . Treatment of alve-olar hypoventilation in a six year old girl with intermittent positive pressure ventilation through a nose mask. Am Rev Respir Dis1987;136(1):188–191.

Hoffstein V , Slutsky AS . Central sleep apnea reversed by continu-ous positive airway pressure. Am Rev Respir Dis1987;135(5):1210–1212.

Takasaki Y , Orr D , Popkin J , Rutherford R , Liu P , Bradley TD . Effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on sleep apnea in con-gestive heart failure. Am Rev Respir Dis1989;140(6):1578–1584.

Davies RJ , Harrington KJ , Ormerod OJ , Stradling JR . Nasal continuous positive airway pressure in chronic heart failure with sleep-disordered breathing. Am Rev Respir Dis1993;147(3):630–634.

Baydur A , Gilgoff I , Prentice W , Carlson M , Fischer DA . Decline in respiratory function and experience with long-term assisted ven-tilation in advanced Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Chest1990;97(4):884–889.

Vianello A , Bevilacqua M , Salvador V , Cardaioli C , Vincenti E. Long-term nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in advanced Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Chest1994;105(2):445–448.

Segall D. Noninvasive nasal mask-assisted ventilation in respiratory failure of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Chest1988;93(6):1298–1300.

Ellis ER , Grunstein RR , Chan S , Bye PT , Sullivan CE . Noninvasive ventilatory support during sleep improves respiratory failure in kyphoscoliosis. Chest1988;94(4):811–815.

Waldhorn RE . Nocturnal nasal intermittent positive pressure ven-tilation with bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) in respira-tory failure. Chest1992;101(2):516–521.

Simonds AK , Elliott MW . Outcome of domiciliary nasal intermit-tent positive pressure ventilation in restrictive and obstructive dis-orders. Thorax1995;50(6):604–609.

Hill NS , Eveloff SE , Carlisle CC , Goff SG . Efficacy of nocturnal nasal ventilation in patients with restrictive thoracic disease. Am Rev Respir Dis1992;145(2, Part 1):365–371.

Elliott MW , Aquilina R , Green M , Moxham J , Simonds AK . A com-parison of different modes of noninvasive ventilatory support: effects on ventilation and inspiratory muscle effort. Anaesthesia1994;49(4):279–283.

Padman R , Lawless S , Von Nessen S. Use of BiPAP by nasal mask in the treatment of respiratory insufficiency in pediatric patients: pre-liminary investigation. Pediatr Pulmonol1994;17(2):119–123.

Brochard L , Isabey D , Piquet J , Amaro P , Mancebo J , Messadi A , et al. Reversal of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung dis-ease by inspiratory assistance with a face mask. N Engl J Med1990;323(22):1523–1530.

Bott J , Carroll MP , Conway JH , Keilty SE , Ward EM , Brown AM , et al. Randomised controlled trial of nasal ventilation in acute ven-tilatory failure due to chronic obstructive airways disease. Lancet1993;341(8860):1555–1557.

Strumpf DA , Millman RP , Carlisle CC , Grattan LM , Ryan SM , Erick-son AD , Hill SN . Nocturnal positive-pressure ventilation via nasal mask in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis1991;144(6):1234–1239.

Elliott MW , Simonds AK , Carroll MP , Wedzicha JA , Branthwaite MA . Domiciliary nocturnal nasal intermittent positive pressure ven-tilation in hypercapnic respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive lung disease: effects on sleep and quality of life. Thorax1992;47(5):342–348.

Renston JP , DiMarco AF , Supinski GS . Respiratory muscle rest using nasal BiPAP ventilation in patients with stable severe COPD. Chest1994;105(4):1053–1060.

Padman R , Nadkarni VN , Von Nessen S , Goodill J. Noninvasive pos-itive pressure ventilation in end-stage cystic fibrosis: a report of seven cases. Respir Care1994;39(7):736–739.

Brown RW , Grady EA , Van Laanen CJ , Dean JM , Hurvitz EA , Nel-son VS , et al. Home use of bi-level positive airway pressure (BLPAP) ventilation for chronic respiratory failure in children (abstract). Am J Respir Crit Care Med1994;149:376A.

Simonds AK , Elliott MW . Use of the BiPAP ventilator for non-inva-sive ventilation: advantages and limitations (abstract). Am Rev Respir Dis1991;143(4, Part 2):A585.

Pennock BE , Crawshaw L , Kaplan PD . Noninvasive nasal mask ven-tilation for acute respiratory failure. Institution of a new therapeu-tic technology for routine use. Chest1994;105(2):441–444.

Lapinsky SE , Mount DB , Mackey D , Grossman RF . Management of acute respiratory failure due to pulmonary edema with nasal pos-itive pressure support. Chest1994;105(1):229–231.

Pennock BE , Kaplan PD , Carlin BW , Sabangan JS , Magovern JA . Pressure support ventilation with a simplified ventilatory support sys-tem administered with a nasal mask in patients with respiratory fail-ure. Chest1991;100(5):1371–1376.

Akingbola OA , Servant GM , Custer JR , Palmisano JM . Noninva-sive bi-level positive pressure ventilation: management of two pedi-atric patients. Respir Care1993;38(10):1092–1098.

Fortenberry JD , Del Toro J , Jefferson LS , Evey L , Haase D. Man-agement of pediatric acute hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency with bi-level positive pressure (BiPAP) nasal mask ventilation. Chest1995;108(4):1059–1064.

Meduri GU , Cook TR , Turner RE , Cohen M , Leeper KV . Nonin-vasive positive pressure ventilation in status asthmaticus. Chest1996;110(3):767–774.

Bach JR , Alba AS . Management of chronic alveolar hypoventila-tion by nasal ventilation. Chest1990;97(1):52–57.

Mayer LS , Kerby GR , Whitman RA . Evaluation of a new nasal device for administration of continuous positive airway pressure for obstruc-tive sleep apnea (abstract). Am Rev Respir Dis1989;139:114A.

Demirozu MC , Chediak AD , Nay KN , Cohn MA . A comparison of nine nasal continuous positive airway pressure machines in main-taining mask pressure during simulated inspiration. Sleep1991;14(3):259–262.

Ferguson GT , Gilmartin M. CO2 rebreathing during BiPAP ven-tilatory assistance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med1995;151(4):1126–1135.

Bott J , Baudouin SV , Moxham J. Nasal intermittent positive pres-sure ventilation in the treatment of respiratory failure in obstructive sleep apnoea. Thorax1991;46(6):457–458.

Carroll N , Branthwaite MA . Control of nocturnal hypoventilation by nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Thorax1988;43(5):349–353.

Benhamou D , Girault C , Faure C , Portier F , Muir JF . Nasal mask ven-tilation in acute respiratory failure: experience in elderly patients. Chest1992;102(3):912–917.

Demirozu MC , Steinberg N , Kiel M , Norman SE , Chediak AD . The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure and site of oxygen entrain-ment on inspiratory oxygen concentration when using supplemen-tal oxygen with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Sleep Res1990;19:321.

Hoffstein V , Viner S , Mateika S , Conway J. Treatment of obstruc-tive sleep apnea with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Patient compliance, perception of benefits, and side effects. Am Rev Respir Dis1992;145(4, Part 1):841–845.

Guilleminault C , Korobkin R , Winkle R. A review of 50 children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Lung1981;159(5):275–287.

Rains JC . Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in pediatric patients. Behavioral intervention for compliance with nasal continuos posi-tive airway pressure. Clin Pediatr1995;34:535–541.

Yamashiro Y , Kryger MH . CPAP titration for sleep apnea using a split-night protocol. Chest1995;107(1):62–66.