LeighJM. Variation in performance of oxygen therapy devices. Anaesthesia1970;25(2):210–222.
2.
KumarH, AntonyTJ, SharmaD.Oxygen therapy in pediatric practice. Indian Pediatrics1993;30(1):117–121.
3.
MoninP, VertP.The management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Clin Perinatol1987;14(3):531–549.
4.
ShannF, GatchalianS, HutchinsonR.Nasopharyngeal oxygen in children. Lancet1988;2(8622)1238–1240.
5.
GuilfoileT, DabeK.Nasal catheter oxygen therapy for infants. Respir Care1981;26(1):35–40.
6.
MebiusC.A comparative evaluation of disposable humidifiers. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand1983;27:403–409.
7.
CrimliskJT, MurraySV. Home oxygen-humidity systems for an oxygen-dependent infant with tracheostomy: a case report. Respir Care1988;33(12):1117–1124.
8.
ThalkenFR. Medical gas therapy. In: ScanlanCL, SpearmanCB, SheldonRL (editors): Egan's fundamentals of respiratory care. St Louis: CV Mosby, 1990:606–632.
9.
CollisJM, BethuneDW. Oxygen by face mask and nasal catheter (letter). Lancet1967;1:787–788.
10.
ScacciR.Air entrainment masks: jet mixing is how they work; the Bernoulli and Venturi principles are how they don't. Respir Care1979;24(10):928–931.
11.
GramlichT.Oxygen therapy. In: Perinatal and pediatric respiratory care, BarnhartSL, CzervinskeMP editors. Philadelphia: WB Saunders1995:156–179.
12.
McPhersonSP. Gas regulation, administration, and controlling devices. In: McPhersonSP (editor): Respiratory therapy equipment. St Louis: CV Mosby, 1990:50–78.
13.
HillTV, SorbelloJG. Humidity outputs of large-reservoir nebulizers. Respir Care1987;32(4):255–260.
14.
ThiebaultDW, GregoryGA, editors. Neonatal pulmonary care, second edition. Menlo Park CA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co Inc, 1986.
15.
FulmerJD, SniderGL, American College of Chest Physicians-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National conference on oxygen therapy. Chest1984;86:234–247. Concurrent publication in Respir Care 1984;29(9):922–935.
16.
AARC Clinical Practice Guideline: Oxygen therapy in the acute care hospital. Respir Care1991;36(12):1410–1413.
17.
GregoryJA, TurnerPT, ReynoldsAF. A complication of nasogastric intubation: intracranial penetration. J Trauma1978;18(12):823–824.
18.
FremstadJD, MartinSH. Lethal complication from insertion of nasogastric tube after severe basilar skull fracture. J Trauma1978;18(12):820–822.
19.
AnnestSJ, GottliebM, PaloskiWH, StrattonH, NewellJC, DuttonR, PowerSRJr. Detrimental effects of removing end-expiratory pressure prior to endotracheal extubation. Ann Surg1980;191(5):539–545.
20.
BermanLS, FoxWW, RaphaelyRC, DownsJJJr. Optimal levels of CPAP for tracheal extubation of newborn infants. J Pediatr1976;89(1):109–112.
FisherAB. Oxygen therapy: side effects and toxicity. Am Rev Respir Dis1980;122(5, Part 2):61–69.
27.
DailyWJR, KlausM, MeyerHBP. Apnea in premature infants: monitoring, incidence, heart rate changes, and an effect of environmental temperature. Pediatrics1969;43(4):510–518.
28.
RotschildA, SchapiraD, KuyekN, SolimanoA.Evaluation of nasal prongs of new design for low-flow oxygen delivery to infants. Respir Care1989;34(9):801–804.
29.
McLaughlinAJJr. Allergic contact dermatitis from oxygen cannulas. Respir Care1980;25(10):1024–1026.
30.
GivanDC, WylieP.Home oxygen therapy for infants and children. Indiana Med1986;849-853.
31.
LockeRG, WolfsonMR, ShafferTH, RubensteinSD, GreenspanJS. Inadvertent administration of positive end-distending pressure during nasal cannula flow. Pediatrics1993;91(1):135–138.
32.
FrencknerB, EhrénH, PalmérK, NorénG.Pneumocephalus caused by a nasopharyngeal oxygen catheter. Crit Care Med1990;18(11):1287–1288.
33.
JensenAG, JohnsonA, SandstedtS.Rebreathing during oxygen treatment with face mask. The effect of oxygen flow rates on ventilation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand1991;35:289–292.
34.
BeckhamRW, MishoeSC. Sound levels inside incubators and oxygen hoods used with nebulizers and humidifiers. Respir Care1982;27(1):33–40.
35.
ReinarzJA, PierceAK, MaysBB, SanfordJP. The potential role of inhalation therapy equipment in nosocomial pulmonary infections. J Clin Invest1965;44:831–839.
36.
PierceAK, SanfordJP, ThomasGD, LeonardJS. Long-term evaluation of decontamination of inhalation-therapy equipment and the occurrence of necrotizing pneumonia. N Engl J Med1970;282(10):528–531.
37.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, Centers for Disease Control. Guideline for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia and guideline ranking scheme. Atlanta: CDC, 1982.
38.
RosenbluthM, ChernickV.Influence of mist tent therapy on sputum viscosity and water content in cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Child1974;49(8):606–610.
39.
FosterWM, BergofskyEH, BohningDE, LippmannM, AlbertRE. Effect of adrenergic agents and their mode of action on mucociliary clearance in man. J Appl Physiol1976;41(2):146–152.
40.
AARC. Clinical practice guideline: bland aerosol therapy. Respir Care1993;38(11):1196–1199.
41.
BrainJ.Aerosol and humidity therapy. Am Rev Respir Dis1980;122(5, Part 1):17–21.
42.
ScopesJW, AhmedI.Ranges of critical temperatures in sick and premature newborn babies. Arch Dis Child1966;41:417–419.
43.
LanskaMJ, SilvermanR, LanskaDJ. Cutaneous fungal infections associated with prolonged treatment in humidified oxygen hoods (letter). Pediatric Dermatology1987;4(4):346.
44.
DuncanA.Use of disposable condenser humidifiers in children. Anaesth Intensive Care1985;13(3):330–337.
45.
SchrammVLJr, MattoxDE, StoolSE. Acute management of laser-ignited intratracheal explosion. Laryngoscope1981;91(9, Part 1):1417–1426.
46.
FanLL, VoylesJB. Determination of inspired oxygen delivered by nasal cannula in infants with chronic lung disease. J Pediatr1983;103(6):923–925.
47.
VainNE, PrudentLM, StevensDP, WeeterMM, MaiselsMB. Regulation of oxygen concentration delivered to infants via nasal cannulas. Am J Dis Child1989;143:1458–1460.
48.
ThiloEH, ComitoJ, McCullissD.Home oxygen therapy in the newborn: costs and parental acceptance. Am J Dis Child1987;141:766–768.
49.
PoultonTJ, ComerPB, GibsonRL. Tracheal oxygen concentrations with nasal cannula during oral and nasal breathing. Respir Care1980;25(7):739–741.
50.
KoryRC, BergmannJC, SweetRD, SmithJR.Comparative evaluation of oxygen therapy techniques. JAMA1962;179(10):767–772.
51.
GibsonRL, ComerPB, BeckhamRW, McGrawCP. Actual tracheal oxygen concentrations with commonly used oxygen equipment. Anesthesiology1976;44(1):71–73.
52.
DunlevyCL, TylSE. The effect of oral versus nasal breathing on oxygen concentrations received from nasal cannulas. Respir Care1992;37(4):357–360.
53.
AbmanSH, AccursoFJ, KoopsBL. Experience with home oxygen in the management of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Clin Pediatrics1984;23(9):471–476.
54.
ReddingJS, McAfeeDD, ParhamAM. Oxygen concentrations received from commonly used delivery systems. South Med J1978;71(2):169–172.
55.
AmarD, BrodmanE, WinikoffSA, HollingerI.An alternative oxygen delivery system for infants and children in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Can J Anaesth1991;38(1):49–53.
56.
MishoeSC, BrooksCWJr, DennisonFH, HillKV, FryeT.Octave waveband analysis to determine sound frequencies and intensities produced by nebulizers and humidifiers used with hoods. Respir Care1995;40(11):1120–1124.
57.
BransonRD, HurstJM. Laboratory evaluation of moisture output of seven airway heat and moisture exchangers. Respir Care1987;32(9):741–747.
58.
GedeonA, MebiusC, PalmerK.Neonatal hygroscopic condenser humidifier. Crit Care Med1987;15(1):51–54.
59.
MaplesonWW, MorganJG, HillardEK. Assessment of condenser-humidifiers with special reference to a multiple-gauze model. Br Med J1963;1:300–305.
60.
ShellyM, BethuneDW, LatimerRD. A comparison of five heat and moisture exchangers. Anesthesia1986;41:527–532.
61.
AARC. Clinical practice guideline: transcutaneous blood gas monitoring for neonatal and pediatric patients. Respir Care1994;39(12):1176–1179.
62.
AARC. Clinical practice guideline: pulse oximetry. Respir Care1991;36(12):1406–1409.
63.
PinneyMA, CottonEK. Home management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics1976;58(6):856–859.
64.
VoylesJB. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Nurs1981;81:510–514.
65.
GoldsteinRS, YoungJ, RebuckAS. Effect of breathing pattern on oxygen concentration received from standard face masks. Lancet1982;2:1188–1190.
66.
FriedmanSA, WeberB, BriscoWA, SmithJP, KingTKC. Oxygen therapy: evaluation of various air-entraining masks. JAMA1974;228(4):474–478.
67.
ATS Task Group, Dantzker DD, chairman. Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Official statement of the American Thoracic Society, adopted November 1986. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;136 (1):225–244.
68.
SkolnikNS. Treatment of croup. Am J Dis Child1989;143:1045–1049.
69.
HenryR.Moist air in the treatment of laryngotracheitis (letter). Arch Dis Child1983;58:577.
70.
EsteyW.Subjective effects of dry versus humidified low flow oxygen. Respir Care1980;25(11):1143–1144.
71.
EvansTW, WaterhouseJ, HowardP.Clinical experience with the oxygen concentrator. Br Med J1983;287:459–461.
72.
FinerNN, BatesR, TomatP.Low flow oxygen delivery via nasal cannula to neonates. Pediatr Pulmonol1996;21(1):48–51.
73.
O'DonohueWJJr, BakerJP. Controlled low-flow oxygen in the management of acute respiratory failure. Chest1973;63(5):818–821.
74.
ZinmanR, FrancoI, Pizzuti-DaechselR.Home oxygen delivery system for infants. Pediatr Pulmonol1985;1(6):325–327.
PhilipAGS, PeabodyJL, LuceyJF. Transcutaneous PO2 monitoring in the home management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics1978;61(4):655–658.
77.
JennisMS, PeabodyJL. Pulse oximetry: an alternative method for assessment of oxygenation in newborn infants. Pediatrics1987;79(4):524–528.
78.
SalyerJW, ChatburnRL. Patterns of practice in neonatal and pediatric respiratory care. Respir Care1990;35(9):879–888.
79.
SpeidelBD. Adverse effects of routine procedures on preterm infants. Lancet1978;1:864–865.
80.
LongJG, PhilipAGS, LuceyJF. Excessive handling as a cause of hypoxemia. Pediatrics1980;65(2):203–207.
81.
Centers for Disease Control. Update: Universal Precautions for prevention and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and other blood-borne pathogens in health care settings. MMWR1988;37:377–388.
82.
Centers for Disease Control. Guidelines for preventing the transmission of tuberculosis in health-care settings, with special focus on HIV-related tissues. MMWR1990;39(RR-17):1–29.
83.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Guideline for the prevention of nosocomial pneumonia. Respir Care1994;39(12):1191–1236.
