KylstraJA, PaganelliCV, LanphierEH. Pulmonary gas exchange in dogs ventilated with hyperbarically oxygenated liquid. J Appl Physiol1966;21(1):177–184.
2.
ClarkLCJr, GollanF.Survival of mammals breathing organic liquids equilibrated with oxygen at atmospheric pressure. Science1966;152(730):1755–1756.
3.
SargentJW, SefflRJ. Properties of perfluorinated liquids. Fed Proc1970;29(5):1699–1703.
4.
ShafferTH, MoskowitzGD. Demand-controlled liquid ventilation of the lungs. J Appl Physiol1974;36(2):208–213.
5.
TuazonJG, ModellJH, HoodCI, SwensonEW. Pulmonary function after ventilation with fluorocarbon liquid (Caroxin-D). Anesthesiology1973;38(2):134–140.
6.
ModellJH, GollanF, GiammonaST, ParkerD.Effect of fluorocarbon liquid on surface tension properties of pulmonary surfactant. Chest1970;57(3):263–265.
7.
PatelMM, SzantoP, YatesB, LongDM. Survival and histopathologic changes in lungs of hamsters following synthetic liquid breathing. Fed Proc1970;29(5):1740–1745.
8.
ModellJH, NewbyEJ, RuizBC. Long-term survival of dogs after breathing oxygenated fluorocarbon liquid. Fed Proc1970;29(5):1731–1736.
9.
CalderwoodHW, RuizBC, ThamMK, ModellJH, SagaSA, HoodCI. Residual levels and biochemical changes after ventilation with perfluorinated liquid. J Appl Physiol1975;39(4):603–607.
10.
CalderwoodHW, ModellJH, RuizBC, BrogdonJE, HoodCI. Pulmonary lavage with liquid fluorocarbon in a model of pulmonary edema. Anesthesiology1973;38(2):141–144.
11.
HoladayDA, Fiserova-BergerovaV, ModellJH. Uptake, distribution, and excretion of fluorocarbon FX-80 (perfluorobutyl perfluorotetrahydrofuran) during liquid breathing in the dog. Anesthesiology1972;37(4):387–394.
ModellJG, ThamMK, ModellJH, CalderwoodHW, RuizBC. Distribution and retention of fluorocarbon in mice and dogs after injection or liquid ventilation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol1973;26(1):86–92.
14.
SchoenfischWH, KylstraJA. Maximum expiratory flow and estimated CO2 elimination in liquid-ventilated dogs’ lungs. J Appl Physiol1973;35(1):117–121.
15.
KoenPA, WolfsonMR, ShafferTH. Fluorocarbon ventilation: maximal expiratory flows and CO2 elimination. Pediatr Res1988;24(3):291–296.
16.
LoweC, TumaRF, SivieriEM, ShafferTH. Liquid ventilation: cardiovascular adjustments with secondary hyperlactatemia and acidosis. J Appl Physiol1979;47(5):1051–1057.
17.
CurtisSE, FuhrmanBP, HowlandDF, DeFrancisisM, MotoyamaEK. Cardiac output during liquid (perfluorocarbon) breathing in new-born piglets. Crit Care Med1991;19(2):225–230.
18.
RuferR, SpitzerHL. Liquid ventilation in the respiratory distress syndrome. Chest1974;1(Suppl):29S–30S.
19.
ShafferTH, LoweCA, BhutaniVK, DouglasPR. Liquid ventilation: effects on pulmonary function in distressed meconium-stained lambs. Pediatr Res1984;18(1):47–52.
20.
LoweCA, ShafferTH. Pulmonary vascular resistance in the fluo- rocarbon-filled lung. J Appl Physiol1986;60(1):154–159.
21.
TutuncuAS, FaithfullNS, LachmannB.Comparison of ven- tilatory support with intratracheal perfluorocarbon admin- istration and conventional mechanical ventilation in animals with acute respiratory failure. Am Rev Respir Dis1993;148(3):785–792.
22.
FuhrmanBP, PaczanPR, DeFrancisisM.Perfluorocarbon-associ- ated gas exchange. Crit Care Med1991;19(5):712–722.
23.
CurtisSE, PeekJT, KellyDR. Partial liquid breathing with perflu- bron improves arterial oxygenation in acute canine lung injury. J Appl Physiol1993;75(6):2696–2702.
24.
RichmanPS, WolfsonMR, ShafferTH. Lung lavage with oxygenated perfluorochemical liquid in acute lung injury. Crit Care Med1993;21(5):768–774.
25.
TutuncuAS, FaithfullNS, LachmannB.Intratracheal perfluorocarbon administration combined with mechanical ventilation in experimental respiratory distress syndrome: dose-dependent improvement of gas exchange. Crit Care Med1993;21(7):962–969.
26.
LeachCL, FuhrmanBP, MorinFC, RathMG. Perfluorocarbon-associated gas exchange (partial liquid ventilation) in respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Crit Care Med1993;21(9):1270–1278.
27.
HirschlRB, TooleyR, ParentAC, JohnsonK, BartlettRH. Improvement of gas exchange, pulmonary function, and lung injury with par- tial liquid ventilation. A study model in a setting of severe respira- tory failure. Chest1995;108(2):500–508.
28.
HirschlRB, OverbeckMC, ParentA, HernandezR, SchwartzS, DosanjhA, et al. Liquid ventilation provides uniform distribution of perfluorocarbon in the setting of respiratory failure. Surgery1994;116(2):159–168.
29.
HirschlRB, ParentA, TooleyR, McCrackenM, JohnsonK, ShafferTH, et al. Liquid ventilation improves pulmonary function, gas exchange, and lung injury in a model of respiratory failure. Ann Surg1995;221(1):79–88.
30.
VirmaniR, FinkLM, GunterK, EnglishD.Effect of perfluorochemical blood substitutes on human neutrophil function. Transfusion1984;24(4):343–347.
31.
SmithTM, SteinhornDM, ThusuK, FuhrmanBP, DandonaP.A liquid perfluorochemical decreases the in vitro production of reactive oxygen species by alveolar macrophages. Crit Care Med1995;23(9):1533–1539.
32.
HirschlRB, PranikoffT, WiseC, OverbeckMC, GaugerP, SchreinerRJ, et al. Initial experience with partial liquid ventilation in adult patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA1996;275(5):383–389.
33.
GaugerPG, PranikoffT, SchreinerRJ, MolerFW, HirschlRB. Initial experience with partial liquid ventilation in pediatric patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med1996;24(1):16–22.
34.
KnausWA, DraperEA, WagnerDP, ZimmermanJE. APACHE II- a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med1985;13(10):818–829.
