Recommendations for Respiratory Therapy Equipment Processing,Handling,and Surveillance

Edmondson EB , Reinarz JA , Pierce AK , Sanford JP : Nebulization equipment: A potential source of infection in gram-negative pneumonias. Am J Dis Child 111:357, 1966.

Moffet HL , Allan D , Williams T : Survival and dissemination of bacteria in nebulizers and in-cubators. Am J Dis Child 114:13, 1967.

Phillips I , Spencer G : Pseudomonas aeruginosa cross-infection due to contaminated respiratory apparatus. Lancet 2:1325, 1965.

Pierce AK , Sanford JP : Treatment and prevention of infections associated with inhalation therapy. Mod Treatment 3:1171, 1966.

Reinarz JA , Pierce AK , Mays BB , Sanford JP : The potential role of inhalation therapy equipment in nosocomial pulmonary infection. J Clin Invest 44:831, 1965.

Ringrose RE , McKnown B , Felton FG , Barclay BO , Muchmore HG , Rhoades ER : A hospital outbreak of Serratia marcescens associated with ultrasonic nebulizers. Ann Intern Med 73:15, 1970.

Sykes MK : Sterilization of ventilators. Int Anesthiol Clin 10:131, 1972.

Becker KO : Inhalation therapy department chooses ETO. Hospitals 45:108, Sept 16, 1971.

Haselhuhn DH , Brason FW , Borick PM : "In use" study of buffered glutaraldehyde for cold sterilization of anesthesia equipment. Anesth Analg 46:468, 1967.

Nelson EJ , Ryan KJ : A new use for pasteurization: Disinfection of inhalation therapy equipment. Respir Care 16:97, 1971.

Perkins JJ : Principles and Methods of Sterilization in Health Sciences, 2nd ed. Springfield IL, Charles C Thomas, 1969.

Rendell-Baker L , Roberts RB : Safe use of ethylene oxide sterilization in hospitals. Anesth Analg 49:919, 1970.

Wilson RD , Traber DL , Allen CR , Priano LL , Bass J : An evaluation of the Cidematic decontamination system for anesthesia equipment. Anesth Analg 51:658, 1972.

AAMI Z79 Subcommittee on Ethylene Oxide Ster-ilization: Ethylene oxide sterilization: A guide for hospital personnel. Respir Care 22:12, 1977.

Masferrer R , Marquez R : Comparison of two activated glutaraldehyde solutions: Cidex solution and Sonacide. Respir Care 22:257, 1977.

Starkey DH , Himmelsbach CK : On the avoidance of failures in sterilization. Hospitals 48:143, July 1, 1974.

Goldberg NB : Vigilance against pathogens. Hospitals 48:71, July 16, 1974.

Litsky W , Botko GJ , Litsky BY : Evaluation of decontamination procedures and subsequent con-tamination of IPPB setups. Respir Care 20:137, 1975.

Snyder JE : Infection control. Hospitals 44:80, June 1, 1970.

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals: Accreditation Manual for Hospitals. Chicago, 1976.

Cronin MP : Sterilization in the pulmonary lab. CVP 3:38, 1975.

American Hospital Association: Infection Control in the Hospital. Chicago, AHA, 1974.

Thomas ET : The problem in practice. Int Anesthesiol Clin 10:11, 1972.

Sanders CV , Luby JP , Johanson WG , Barnett JA , Sanford JP : Serratia marcescens infections from inhalation therapy medications: Nosocomial out-break. Ann Intern Med 73:15, 1975.

Favero MS , Carson LA , Bond WW , Peterson NJ : Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Growth in water from hospitals. Science 173:836, 1971.

Mertz JJ , Scharer L , McClement JH : A hospital outbreak of klebsiella pneumonia from inhalation therapy with contaminated aerosol solutions. Am Rev Respir Dis 95:454, 1967.

Moffet HL , Williams T : Bacteria recovered from distilled water and inhalation therapy equipment. Am J Dis Child 114:7, 1967.

McIntegart NY , Clark A : Colonization of dental units by water bacteria. Br Dent J 134:140, 1973.

McCabe LJ , Symond JM , Lee RD , Robeck GG : Survey of community water supplies. J Am Water Works Assoc 62:670, 1970.

Okun BA : Drinking water for the future. Am J Pub Health 66:639, 1976.

Eichman JH , Bancroft ML , Laasberg LH , Che E , du Moulin GC , Saubermann AJ : Contamination of medical gas and water pipelines in a new hospital building. Anesthesiology 46:286, 1977.

Munster AW : Combating hospital infections: New concepts for the 70's. Hospitals 49:85, Nov 1, 1975.

Morrison DR , Bocks RD , Carrington GO , Stevens JM : Control of bacterial contamination in respiratory care devices, and a method for preventing auto-contamination of pneumatic nebulizers. Respir Care 20:828, 1975.

Powers WE , Kennedy P , Moran WW , Morrison DR : Clinical experience with a method for preventing autocontamination of pneumatic nebulizers (ab-stract). Respir Care 22:421, 1977.

Pierce AK , Sanford JP : Bacterial contamination of aerosols. Arch Intern Med 131:156, 1973.

Pierce AK , Sanford JP , Thomas GD , Leonard JS : Long-term evaluation of decontamination of inhala-tion therapy equipment and the occurrence of necrotizing pneumonia. N Engl J Med 282:528, 1970.

Nelson EJ : Respiratory therapy equipment con-tamination surveillance program-Part I. Techniques of Infection Control in Respiratory Therapy and Anesthesia, Series 5. Seattle, Olympic Medical Corp.

Lennette EH , Spaulding E , Truant JP : Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 2nd ed. Washington, American Society for Microbiology, 1974.

Ryan KJ : Evaluation of a sample device for bacteri-ologic sampling of respirator-generated aerosols. J Clin Micro 5:178, 1977.

Andersen AA : New sampler for the collection, sizing, and enumeration of viable airborne particles. J Bacteriol 76:471, 1958.

Andersen AA : A sampler for respiratory health hazard assessment. Am Indust Hygiene Assn J 27:160, 1966.

Edmondson EB , Sanford JP : Simple methods of bacteriologic sampling of nebulization equipment. Am Rev Respir Dis 81:450, 1966.

Nazemi MM , Musher DM , Martin RR : A practical method for monitoring bacterial contamination of inhalation therapy machines. Am Rev Respir Dis 106:920, 1972.

Babcock JB : Some practical problems and trouble-shooting (Infection Control). Hospitals 50:133, March 16, 1976.

Johanson WG , Sanford JP : Problems of infection and antimicrobials relating to anesthesia and inhalation therapy. In Clinical Anesthesia Series, Vol 3, (Common and Uncommon Problems in Anesthesiology, edited by Jenkins MT ). Philadelphia, FA Davis, 1968.

Center for Disease Control: Outline for Surveillance and Control of Nosocomial Infections. Atlanta, CDC, 1972.

Nelson EJ : Respiratory therapy equipment con-tamination surveillance program-Part II. Techniques of Infection Control in Respiratory Therapy and Anesthesia, Series 6. Seattle, Olympic Medical Corp.