Maintaining Oxygenation via Demand Oxygen Delivery during Rest and Exercise

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Oxygen-conserving devices have been the foundation of highly portable oxygen systems that enable hypoxemic chronic lung disease patients to live active lives. Pulsing demand oxygen delivery systems (DODS) can adequately oxygenate most patients at rest and usually during exercise. However, some patients desaturate during exercise at DODS settings equivalent to continuous-flow oxygen. OBJECTIVE: Determine if design enhancements of the Oxymatic 401 DODS (including in- creased sensitivity, earlier inspiratory delivery, larger pulse volume, modified pulse contour, and higher settings) better maintain blood oxygen saturation (measured via pulse oximetry [Spo₂]) in patients who severely desaturate during exercise. METHODS: We compared patients receiving DODS oxygen and patients receiving continuous-flow oxygen, during both rest and iso-exercise. SETTING: This study was conducted in the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program at Mission Hospital, Regional Medical Center, Mission Viejo, California. SUBJECTS: We studied 10 patients with chronic lung disease and difficulty maintaining exercise Spo₂ with DODS. Nine patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and one had restrictive lung disease. The group's (mean ± SD) demographic and physiologic values included: age 67 ± 7 y, forced expiratory volume in the first second 0.79 ± 0.3 L, forced vital capacity 1.7 ± 0.7 L, and Spo, 88%. INTERVENTIONS: Resting Spo₂ was measured during continuous oxygen flow and during DODS, at identical settings. Spo, was allowed to stabilize at each level before recording. During treadmill exercise at identical work loads we measured continuous flow and DODS Spo, at the same settings. If the DODS Spo, was less than during the equivalent continuous flow, the DODS setting was increased for another treadmill trial. RESULTS: At rest the DODS was equivalent to continuous flow: Spo, was 93.7 ± 2.1% with DODS and 93.8 ± 1.9% with continuous flow. During exercise at corre- sponding settings DODS Spo₂ was 90.5 ± 3.8% and continuous-flow Spo₂ was 93.1 ± 3.1%. Six subjects had Spo₂ > 90%, with 4 of them achieving equivalency. At higher DODS settings Spo, became equiv- alent: 92.5 ± 2.8%. The DODS oxygen-use efficiency advantage was 6.7-fold at rest and 5.6-fold during exercise, except with subjects who required a higher exercise DODS setting, with whom the DODS advantage was 4.3-fold. CONCLUSIONS: The redesigned Oxymatic 401 DODS maintains adequate Spo₂ during rest and exercise, but some patients require the higher delivery settings. We recommend that all patients prescribed DODS undergo exercise evaluation with the prescribed DODS to ensure efficacy and determine the DODS settings required to maintain Spo, at the prescribed limits.