SterkPJ, FabbriLM, QuanjerPH, CockcroftDW, O'ByrnePM, AndersonSD, et al. Airway responsiveness: standardized challenge testing with pharmacological, physical and sensitizing stimuli in adults. Report Working Party Standardization of Lung Function Tests, European Community for Steel and Coal. Official Statement of the European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J Suppl1993;16:53–83.
2.
CrapoRO, CasaburiR, CoatesAL, EnrightPL, HankinsonJL, IrvinCG, et al. Guidelines for methacholine and exercise challenge testing, 1999. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med2000;161(1):309–329.
3.
ChathamM, BleekerER, SmithPL, RosenthalRR, MasonP, NormanPS. A comparison of histamine, methacholine, and exercise airway reactivity in normal and asthmatic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis1982;126(2):235–240.
4.
GreensponLW, GracelyE.A discriminate analysis applied to methacholine bronchoprovocation testing improves classification of patients as normal, asthma, or COPDChest1992;102(5):1419–1425.
5.
CockcroftDW, HargreaveFE. Airway hyperresponsiveness: relevance of random population data to clinical usefulness. Am Rev Respir Dis1990;142(3):497–500.
6.
CockcroftDW, MurdockKY, BerscheidBA, GoreBP. Sensitivity and specificity of histamine PC20 determination in a random selection of young college studentsJ Allergy Clin Immunol1992;89(1 Pt 1):23–30.
7.
BackerV, GrothS, DirksenA, Bach-MortensenN, HansenKK, LaursenEM, WendelboeD.Sensitivity and specificity of the histamine challenge test for the diagnosis of asthma in an unselected sample of children and adolescentsEur Respir J1991;4(9):1093–1100.
8.
PerpinaM, PellicerC, de DiegoA, CompteL, MacianV.Diagnostic value of the bronchial provocation test with methacholine in asthma: a Bayesian analysis approachChest1993;104(1):149–154.
9.
FishJE. Bronchial challenge testing. In: MiddletonE, editor. Allergy: principles and practice, 4th ed. St Louis: Mosby Year Book; 1993.
10.
ChaiH, FarrRS, FroehlichLA, MathisonDA, McLeanJA, RosenthalRR, et al. Standardization of bronchial inhalation challenge proceduresJ Allergy Clin Immunol1975;56(4):323–327.
11.
EmpeyDW, LaitinenLA, JacobsL, GoldWM, NadelJA. Mechanisms of bronchial hyperreactivity in normal subjects after upper respiratory tract infectionAm Rev Respir Dis1976;113(2):131–139.
12.
CheungD, DickEC, TimmersMC, de KlerkEP, SpaanWJ, SterkPJ. Rhinovirus inhalation causes long-lasting excessive airway narrowing in response to methacholine in asthmatic subjects in vivoAm J Respir Crit Care Med1995;152(5 Pt 1):1490–1496.
O'ConnorBJ, TowseLJ, BarnesPJ. Prolonged effect of tiotropium bromide on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmaAm J Respir Crit Care Med1996;154(4 Pt 1):876–880.
15.
JuniperEF, KlinePA, VanzieleghemMA, RamsdaleEH, O'ByrnePM, HargreaveFE. Effect of long-term treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid (budesonide) on airway hyperresponsiveness and clinical asthma in nonsteroid-dependent asthmaticsAm Rev Respir Dis1990;142(4):832–836.
16.
FreezerNJ, CroasdellH, DoullIJM, HolgateST. Effect of regular inhaled beclomethasone on exercise and methacholine airway responses in school children with recurrent wheezeEur Respir J1995;8(9):1488–1493.
17.
JensenEJ, DahlR, SteffensenF.Bronchial reactivity to cigarette smoke in smokers: repeatability, relationship to methacholine reactivity, smoking and atopyEur Respir J1998;11(3):670–676.
18.
LemiereC, CartierA, DolovichJ, Chan-YeungM, GrammerL, GhezzoH, et al. Outcome of specific bronchial responsiveness to occupational agents after removal from exposureAm J Respir Crit Care Med1996;154(2 Pt 1):329–333.
19.
CockcroftDW, SwystunVA, BhagatR.Interaction of inhaled beta-2 agonist and inhaled corticosteroid on airway responsiveness to allergen and methacholineAm J Respir Crit Care Med1995;152(5 Pt 1):1485–1489.
20.
AndersonSD. Exercise-induced asthma: the state of the artChest1975;87(Suppl 5):S191–S197.
EdmundsAT, TooleyM, GodfreyS.The refractory period after exercise-induced asthma: its duration and relation to the severity of exerciseAm Rev Respir Dis1978;117(2):247–254.
23.
American Association for Respiratory Care. AARC Clinical Practice Guideline: Spirometry, 1996 update. Respir Care1996;41(7):629–636.
OrehekJ, NicoliMM, DelpierreS, BeaupreA.Influence of the previous deep inspiration on the spirometric measurement of provoked bronchoconstriction in asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis1981;123(3):269–272.
26.
GayrardP, OrehekJ, GrimaudC, CharpinJ.Bronchoconstrictor effects of a deep inspiration in patients with asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis1975;111(4):433–439.
27.
LloydTC. Bronchoconstriction in man following single deep inspirations. J Appl Physiol1963;18:114–116.
28.
American Thoracic Society. Standardization of spirometry, 1994 update. Am J Respir Crit Care Med1995;152(3):1107–1136.
29.
MerkusPJFM, van Essen-ZandvlietEEM, ParlevlietE, BorsboomG, SterkPJ, KerrebijnKF, QuanjerPH. Changes of nebulizer output over the years. Eur Respir J1992;5(4):488–491.
30.
RyanG, DolovichMB, ObminskiG, CockcroftDW, JuniperE, HargreaveFE, NewhouseMT. Standardization of inhalation provocation tests: influence of nebulizer output, particle size, and method of inhalation. J Allergy Clin Immunol1981;67(2):156–161.
31.
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). GP26-A A quality system model for health care: approved guideline (1999). Available from NCCLS: phone 610-688-0100; Fax 610-688-0700; e-mail exoffice@nccls.org.
32.
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). NCCLS. HS4-A A quality system model for respiratory care: approved guideline. Available from NCCLS: phone 610-688-0100; Fax 610-688-0700; e-mail exoffice@nccls.org.
33.
American Association for Respiratory Care. AARC Clinical Practice Guideline: Body plethysmography: 2001 revision & update. Respir Care2001;46(5):506–513.
34.
ChathamM, BleeckerER, NormanP, SmithPL, MasonP.A screening test for airways reactivity: an abbreviated methacholine inhalation challenge. Chest1982;82(1):15–18.
35.
SchmidtLE, ThornePS, WattJL, SchwartzDA. Is an abbreviated bronchial challenge with histamine valid?Chest1992;101(1):141–145.
36.
YanK, SalomeC, WoolcockAJ. Rapid method for measurement of bronchial responsiveness. Thorax1983;38(10):760–765.
37.
CorraoWM, BramanSS, IrwinRS. Chronic cough as the sole presenting manifestation of bronchial asthma. N Engl J Med1979;300(12):633–637.
38.
CockcroftDW, KillianDN, MellonJJ, HargreaveFE. Bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine: a method and clinical survey. Clin Allergy1977;7(3):235–243.
39.
MacDonaldNC, WhitmoreCK, MakoidMC, CobbyJ.Stability of methacholine chloride in bronchial provocation test solutions. Am J Hosp Pharm1981;38(6):868–871.
40.
PratterMR, WoodmanTF, IrwinRS, JohnsonB.Stability of stored methacholine chloride solutions: clinically useful information. Am Rev Respir Dis1982;126(4):717–719.
41.
HayesRD, BeachJR, RutherfordDM, SimMR. Stability of methacholine chloride solutions under different storage conditions over a 9-month period. Eur Respir J1998;11(4):946–948.
42.
AvitalA, Bar-YishayE, SpringerC, GodfreyS.Bronchial provocation tests in young children using tracheal auscultation. J Pediatr1988;112(4):591–594.
43.
WilsonNM, PhagooSB, SilvermanM.Use of transcutaneous oxygen tension, arterial oxygen saturation, and respiratory resistance to assess the response to inhaled methacholine in asthmatic children and normal adults. Thorax1991;46(6):433–437.
44.
SprikkelmanAB, GrolMH, LourensMS, GerritsenJ, HeymansHS, van AalderenWM. Use of tracheal auscultation for the assessment of bronchial responsiveness in asthmatic children. Thorax1996;51(3):317–319.
45.
PhagooSB, WilsonNM, SilvermanM.Repeatability of methacholine challenge in asthmatic children measured by change in transcutaneous oxygen tension. Thorax1992;47(10):804–808.
46.
TashkinDP, AltoseMD, BleeckerER, ConnettJE, KannerRE, LeeWW, WiseR.The lung health study: airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine in smokers with mild to moderate airflow limitation. The Lung Health Study Research Group. Am Rev Respir Dis1992;145(2 Pt 1):301–310.
47.
CartierA, MaloJL, BeginP, SestierM, MartinRR. Time course of the bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled histamine and methacholine. J Appl Physiol1983;54(3):821–826.
48.
StevensWHP, ManningPJ, WatsonRM, O'ByrnePM. Tachyphylaxis to inhaled methacholine in normal but not asthmatic subjects. J Appl Physiol1990;69(3):875–879.
49.
BeckettWS, MarenbergME, PacePE. Repeated methacholine challenge produces tolerance in normal but not in asthmatic subjects. Chest1992;102(3):775–779.
50.
GarnerJS. Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals. Part I. Evolution of isolation practices, Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Atlanta GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1996. www.cdc.gov or Am J Infect Control 1996;24(1):24-31.
51.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guideline for infection control in healthcare personnel, 1998. Am J Infect Control1998;26:269–354 or Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998;19(6):407–463.
52.
LarsonEL. APIC guideline for handwashing and hand antisepsis in health care settings. Am J Infect Control1995;23(4):251–269.
53.
Centers for Disease Control. Guidelines for preventing the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in health-care facilities 1994. MMWR1994;43(RR-13):1–132. Federal Register 1994;59(208):54242–54303.