Analyzing 1,160 grievance cases from the Canadian federal sector, all of which were resolved short of arbitration, the authors find that the highest percentages of decisions favorable to grievants occur in the early steps of the grievance procedure; the grievances of higher-paid employees are more likely to be granted than are those of lower-paid employees; and grievance outcomes vary depending on the nature of the issue, with grievances over working conditions most likely to be granted and grievances over assignment of work duties least likely to be granted.
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