ARSENIAN, J. M. (1943). Young children in an insecure situation . J. abnorm. soc. Psychol.38, 225-249 .
2.
BASOWITZ, H. , PERSKY, H. , KORCHIN, S. J. & GRINKER, R. R. (1954). Anxiety and stress. New York and London: McGraw-Hill .
3.
VAN BERGEN, A. & KOEKEBAKKER, J. (1959). Group cohesiveness in laboratory experiments . Acta Psychologica16, 81-98 .
4.
BERKOWITZ, L. , LEVY, B. & HARvEY, A. R. (1957). Effects of performance evaluations on group integration and motivation . Hum. Relat.10, 195-208 .
5.
BERNERT, E. H. & IKLE, F. C. (1952). Evacuation and the cohesion of urban groups . Amer. J. Sociol.58, 133-138 .
6.
BETTELHEIM, B. (1934). Individual and mass behavior in extreme situations . J. abnorm. soc. Psychol.38, 417-452 .
7.
BORGATTA, E. F. , COUCH, A. S. & BALES, R. F. (1955). Some findings relevant to the great man theory of leadership. In P. Hare , E. F. Borgatta & R. F. Bales (Eds.), Small groups. New York: Knopf . Pp. 568-574.
8.
BURLINGHAM, D. & FREUD, A. (1942). Young children in war-time. London: Allen & Unwin .
9.
CARTWRIGHT, D. & ZANDER, A. (Eds.) (1960). Group dynamics: research and theory. (Second edition.) London: Tavistock Publications; Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson .
10.
COHEN, A. R. (1959). Situational structure, self-esteem and threat-oriented reactions to power. In D. Cartwright (Ed.), Studies in social power. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Institute for Social Research . Pp. 35-52.
11.
DAVITZ, J. R. & MASON, D. J. (1955). Socially facilitated reduction of a fear response in rats . J. compar. physiol. Psychol.48, 149-151 .
12.
DIGGORY, J. C. (1956). Some consequences of proximity to a disease threat . Sociometry19, 47-53 .
13.
ELLEMERS, J. E. (1956). De Februari Ramp. Assen: Van Gorcum .
14.
FRENCH, J. R. P. JR. (1944). The behavior of organized and unorganized groups under conditions of frustration and fear . University of Iowa Studies in Child Welfare, 20, 229-308 .
15.
FRENCH, J. R. P. JR. & RAVEN, B. (1960). The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright & A. Zander (Eds.), Group dynamics: research and theory. (Second edition.) London: Tavistock Publications; Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson . Pp. 607-623.
16.
FREUD, S. (1960). Group psychology and the analysis of the ego. (First published as Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse, Wien, 1921.) London: Hogarth, 1948; New York: Bantam Books , 1960.
17.
GRINKER, R. R. & SPIEGEL, J. P. (1945). Men under stress. Philadelphia: Blakiston .
18.
HAGGARD, E. A. (1949). The psychological causes and results of stress. In Human factors in undersea warfare. (A survey report.) National Research Council .
19.
HAMBLIN, R. L. (1958). Group integration during a crisis . Hum. Relat.11, 67-77 .
20.
HAMBLIN, R. L. (1960). Leadership and crises. In D. Cartwright & A. Zander (Eds.), Group dynamics: research and theory. (Second edition.) London. Tavistock Publications; Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson . Pp. 571-585. (First published in Sociometry 21, 322-35.)
21.
INSTITUUT VOOR SOCIAAL ONDERZOEK VAN HET NEDERLANDSE VOLK (1955). Studies in Hollandflood disaster 1953. 4 Vols. Washington: National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Committee on Disaster Studies .
22.
JACKSON, J. M. (1960). Reference group processes in a formal organization. In D. Cartwright & A. Zander (Eds.), Group dynamics: research and theory. (Second edition.) London: Tavistock Publications; Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson . Pp. 120-140.
23.
JANIS, I. L. (1958). Psychological stress. New York: Wiley; London: Chapman & Hall .
24.
JONES, E. E. & DE CHARMS, R. (1958). Changes in social perception as a function of the personal relevance of behavior. In E. Maccoby , T. M. Newcomb & E. L. Hartley , Readings in social psychology. New York: Holt . Pp. 102-109.
25.
KELMAN, H. (1958). Compliance, identification and internalization-three processes of opinion change . J. confl. Reson.2, 51-60 .
26.
KLEINER, R. (1960). The effects of threat reduction upon interpersonal attractiveness . J. Person.28, 145-155 .
27.
LANZETTA, J. T. (1955). Group behavior under stress . Hum. Relat.8, 29-52 .
28.
LANZETTA, J. T. , HAEFNER, D. , LANGHAM, P. & AXELROD, H. (1954). Some effects of situational threat on group behavior . J. abnorm. soc. Psychol.49, 445-453 .
29.
LANzETTA, J. T. , WENDT, G. R. , LANGHAM, P. & HAEFNER, D. (1956). The effects of an anxiety-reducing medication on group behavior under threat . J. abnorm. soc. Psychol.52, 103-108 .
30.
MULDER, M. (1960). The power variable in communication experiments . Hum. Relat.13, 241-257 .
31.
PEPITONE, A. (1961). The role of danger in affiliation and attraction . Acta Psychol.18, 1-10 .
32.
PEPITONE, A. & KLEINER, R. (1957). The effects of threat and frustration upon group cohesiveness . J. abnorm. soc. Psychol.54, 192-199 .
33.
PEPITONE, A. & REICHLING, G. (1955). Group cohesiveness and the expression of hostility . Hum. Relat.3, 327-337 .
34.
SCHACHTER, S. (1959). The psychology of affiliation. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press; London: Tavistock Publications , 1961.
35.
SCHACHTER, S. , NUTTIN, J. , DE MONCHAUx, C. , MAUCORPS, P. H. , OSMER, D. , DUIJKER, H. , ROMMETVEIT, R. & ISRAEL, J. (1954). Cross-cultural experiments on threat and rejection . Hum. Relat.7, 403-439 .
36.
SCHEIDLINGER, S. (1952). Psychoanalysis and group behavior: a study of Freudian group psychology. New York: Norton .
37.
SEASHORE, S. E. (1954). Group cohesiveness in the industrial work group. Survey Research Center. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press .
38.
SHERIF, M. & SHERIF, C. W. (1953). Groups in harmony and tension. New York: Harper .
39.
SHILS, E. E. & JANOWITZ, M. (1948). Cohesion and disintegration in the Wehrmacht in World War 2 . Public Opin. Quart.12, 280-315 .
40.
STOTLAND, E. (1959). Peer groups and reactions to power figures. In D. Cartwright (Ed.), Studies in social power. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Institute for Social Research . Pp. 53-68.
41.
TORRANCE, E. P. (1954). The behavior of small groups under the stress conditions of survival . Amer. sociol. Rev.19, 751-755 .
42.
WISPS, L. G. & LLOYD, K. E. (1955). Some situational and psychological determinants of the desire for structured interpersonal relations . J. abnorm. soc. Psychol.51, 57-60 .
43.
WIRHEY, S. W. (1962). Reaction to uncertain threat. In G. W. Baker & D. W. Chapman (Eds.), Man and society in disaster. New York: Basic Books . Pp. 93-123.
44.
WIUGHR, M. E. (1943). The influence of frustration upon social relations of young children . Charact. Pers.12, 111-122 .