Attentional factors can influence user interaction with automated and semiautomated monitoring systems. Three aspects of human-computer monitoring are considered in this paper: (1) vigilance effects in complex monitoring tasks, (2) factors influencing optimal combination of human and computer monitors, and (3) effects of increased automation on the relationship between mental workload and vigilance. Results of laboratory and simulation studies suggest that vigilance effects can limit performance in complex monitoring tasks. Performance deficits may occur because of either vigilance decrement over time or sustained low levels of vigilance. However, the specific factors that influence sustained performance with complex displays have not been identified precisely. Computer assistance to enhance performance is feasible but may not be effective in all cases. Performance gain is dependent on several factors, including the decision rule for combining human and computer decisions and the level of mental workload imposed on the human monitor. Finally, in assessing the impact of increased automation the beneficial effects on mental workload have to be traded off against possible adverse effects on vigilance. The implications of these factors for the design of automated monitoring systems are discussed.
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