Revising Documents with Text Editors,Handwriting-Recognition Systems,and Speech-Recognition Systems

Abstract

Twelve participants were given marked-up manuscripts to edit. Results showed that editing was done much faster (50% and 90%) with a simulated handwriting-recognition system and with a simulated speech-recognition system than with a full-screen text editor (Xedit) that participants had experience in using. With the text editor, participants spent considerable time deciding how to locate a revision on the screen, locating it on the screen, and sometimes rereading the document. These behaviors were not necessary with the simulated handwriting and speech systems, in large part because of differences in external feedback provided by the systems. Handwriting-recognition and speech-recognition systems, in addition to being useful principal-support workstations (as each is often envisioned), may also form the bases for potentially good text editors for typists and secretaries.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Allen, R. B. (1983). Composition and editing of spoken letters. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 19, 181–193.

Allen, R. B. (1982). Patterns of manuscript revisions. Behaviour and Information Technology, 1, 177–184.

Allen, R. B. , and Scerbo, M. W. (1983). Details of command-language keystrokes. ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems, 1, 159–178.

Card, S. K. , Moran, T. D. , and Newell, A. (1980a). Computer text-editing: An information processing analysis of a routine cognitive skill. Cognitive Psychology, 12, 32–74.

Card, S. K. , Moran, T. D. , and Newell, A. (1980b). The keystroke-level model for user performance time with interactive systems. Communications of the ACM, 23, 396–410.

Embley, D. W. , and Nagy, G. (1981). Behavioral aspects of text editors. Computing Surveys, 13, 33–70.

Gould, J. D. (1980). Experiments on composing letters: Some facts, some myths, and some observations. In L. W. Gregg and E. R. Steinberg (Eds.), Cognitive processes in writing (pp. 97–126). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Gould, J. D. (1981). Composing letters, with computer-based text editors. Human Factors, 23, 593–606.

Gould, J. D. (1982). Writing and speaking letters and messages. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 16, 147–171.

10.

Gould, J. D. , Lewis, C. H. , and Barnes, V. (1984). Effects of cursor speed on text-editing (Tech. Rep. RC-10716). Yorktown Heights, NY: IBM Research Center.

11.

Gould, J. D., Lewis, C. H., and Barnes, V. (1984). Effects of cursor speed on text-editing. (Technical report in preparation. Available from J. D. Gould, IBM Research Center, Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598.)

12.

Neal, A. S. , and Darnell, M. J. (1984). Text editing performance with partial-line, partial-page, and full-page displays. Human Factors, 26, x–x.

13.

Roberts, T. (1980). Evaluation of computer text editors. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Computer Science Dept., Stanford University, Stanford, CA.

14.

Roberts, T. , and Moran, T. P. (1983). The evaluation of text editors: Methodology and empirical results. Communication of the ACM, 26, 265–283.

15.

Whiteside, J. , Archer, N. , Wixon, D. , and Good, M. (1982), How people really use text edito, Nashua, NH: Digital Equipment Technical Report, Human Engineering Research.