People scanned lists of hierarchically numbered items in order to perform various tasks. For tasks involving location of individual items, a list of format with complete numbering resulted in superior performance. For tasks requiring perception of list structure, an alternative format with implicit numbering was equally good if not better.
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Smith, S. L. and Aucella, A. F.Numbering formats for hierarchic lists. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 26th Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors Society, 1982, 538–541.
