This paper describes the systems-ergonomic approaches which have contributed to the design and operation of the Shinkansen and mass-transport narrow gauge railroad lines operated by the Japanese National Railways (JNR). According to the JNR's research and operational results, man-machine matching at component levels is not sufficient in large complex man-machine systems. Of importance are the recognition of the hierarchy in man-machine matching and system design based on this recognition, the philosophy of analyzing man's involvement with the system functions and assigning roles to man, and thorough ergonomic study of the information system governing the system activities.
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