Is there an optimal density for displaying statistical interrelations among the elements of visual displays? With binary-coded displays, consisting of dots and non-dots, lowest thresholds for one-and two-dimensional Markov spatial constraints were achieved for interdot spacings of 1–2 mm at the display, or, under the testing conditions, at 5–10 sec. of visual angle. These results are in agreement with recommendations for the design of reading fonts and instrument dials.
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